UCSC genome browser generated view of genomic region of <i>PIK3R1</i> including exons 2 to 7.

<p>Coding exons are represented by blocks connected by horizontal lines representing introns. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) are displayed as thinner blocks on the leading ends of the aligning regions. Arrowheads on the connecting intron lines indicate the direction of transcription. Position of CpG islands, putative promoter and transcription start sites are indicated. Location of transcription factor binding sites conserved in the human/mouse/rat alignment is indicated. Conservation of binding sites in all 3 species is computed with the Transfac Matrix Database (v7.0). Evolutionary conservation in 17 vertebrates, including mammalian, amphibian, bird, and fish species was scored by the phastCons program following MULTIZ alignments. Conservation scores are displayed as wiggle, where the height reflects the size of the score. Pairwise alignments of each species to the human genome are displayed below as a “wiggle” that indicates alignment quality.</p

PIk3R1 SNPs: position and minor allele frequencies

<p>PIk3R1 SNPs: position and minor allele frequencies</p

Combination of tag SNP alleles defining each haplotype and frequencies

<p>Haplotype tagging SNPs are indicated in bold. (0) indicates the allele with major frequency, (1) the allele with minor frequency.</p

Association of <i>PIK3R1</i> SNPs with alcohol consumption patterns in adolescents (TDT)

<p>T = transmitted, U untransmitted</p>a<p>Subject has never been drunk vs. has been drunk</p>b<p>Median split at 16 g alcohol</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics in male and female adolescents

1<p>“enriched” family adversity index as proposed by Rutter and Quinton measuring the presence of 11 adverse family factors covering characteristics of the parents, the partnership, and the family environment during a period of one year prior to birth</p>2<p>obstetric adversity score counting the presence of 9 adverse conditions during pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal period such as preterm labor, asphyxia or seizures</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of young adults by <i>PER2</i> rs56013859 genotype: means and SE (in parenthesis) adjusted for sex.

1<p>“Enriched” family adversity index as proposed by Rutter and Quinton (1977) measuring the presence of 11 adverse family factors covering characteristics of the parents, the partnership, and the family environment during a period of one year prior to birth;</p>2<p>obstetric adversity score counting the presence of 9 adverse conditions during pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal period such as preterm labor, asphyxia or seizures;</p>3<p>referring to the last 45 days;</p>4<p>number of standard drinks, each containing 10–13 g alcohol.</p

Mean AUDIT scores (SE), adjusted for sex, in young adults grouped by <i>PER2</i> rs56013859 genotype and exposure to negative life events.

<p>Mean AUDIT scores (SE), adjusted for sex, in young adults grouped by <i>PER2</i> rs56013859 genotype and exposure to negative life events.</p

Linear regression models testing the effects of <i>PER2</i> rs56013859 genotype, severe negative life events and their interaction on drinking measures in young adult regular drinkers (n = 131).

<p>Note: All models adjusted for sex and age. Main effects of genotype and severe negative life events were entered in a first step, followed by the interaction term in a second step.</p>1<p>Unstandardized regression coefficients from linear regression (standard errors);</p>2<p>referring to the last 45 days.</p

Anatomical and Functional Localisation of the Trigeminal Ganglion.

<p>(left) High resolution axial T2-weighted image illustrates Meckel's cave (magenta), the anatomical location of the trigeminal ganglion. (right) Post-surgical rCBF increases in trigeminal ganglion.</p

Spatiotemporal mRNA expression patterns of <i>PER2</i> in humans.

<p>Data were extracted from Brain Span, Atlas of Developing Human Brain.</p