Background Radiation Studies at LHCb using Geant4

This paper aims to describe the feasibility studies performed to evaluate the background radiation levels in the LHCb experiment with Geant4. LHCb is one of the experiments that will operate at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) under construction at CERN. The simulation toolkit Geant4 has been used to model the interactions of particles with the detector. Geant4 is a software toolkit developed and maintained by a world-wide collaboration of physicists and computer scientists. The principal monitored distributions in this study are the dose and the fluence of certain particles in specific locations of the experiment. The dose is defined as the energy delivered in a volume per unit of the volume mass, while the fluence is defined as the number of particles passing through a surface per unit of area. Energy spectra need also to be evaluated to take into account the energy distribution of these particles, since specific problems in the electronics can be caused by particles of certain energies. For this purpose, we need to tally doses and fluences using Geant4. The 2D mapping of doses and fluences of charged hadrons, neutrons, gammas, electrons and positrons on planes put in specific critical areas, where the electronics is located, have been obtained. Geant4 provides different physics models to describe interaction processes allowing customization of the simulation engine to specific problems. Preliminary results using different relevant physics models are presented.JRC.F.3-High Flux and Future Reactor

Validation of neutrons in Geant4 using TARC data: production, interaction and transportation

The TARC (Transumatation by Adiabatic Resonance Crossing) experiment has been simulated with the Geant4 toolkit. The experiment measured neutron production from 2.5 GeV/c and 3.5 GeV/c protons incident on high purity lead. The Geant4 simulation utilised either the Bertini or Binary nuclear cascade models together with the low energy Neutron_HP extension. The neutron time-energy correlation, absolute fluence spectrum, and radial fluences are compared between data and simulation. Recent improvements to the PreCompound and De-excitation modules within Geant4 are presented and their influence on the TARC simulation demonstrated. Overall the Geant4 simulation reproduces the TARC data

Geant4 Computing Performance Benchmarking and Monitoring

Performance evaluation and analysis of large scale computing applications is essential for optimal use of resources. As detector simulation is one of the most compute intensive tasks and Geant4 is the simulation toolkit most widely used in contemporary high energy physics (HEP) experiments, it is important to monitor Geant4 through its development cycle for changes in computing performance and to identify problems and opportunities for code improvements. All Geant4 development and public releases are being profiled with a set of applications that utilize different input event samples, physics parameters, and detector configurations. Results from multiple benchmarking runs are compared to previous public and development reference releases to monitor CPU and memory usage. Observed changes are evaluated and correlated with code modifications. Besides the full summary of call stack and memory footprint, a detailed call graph analysis is available to Geant4 developers for further analysis. The set of software tools used in the performance evaluation procedure, both in sequential and multi-threaded modes, include FAST, IgProf and Open|Speedshop. The scalability of the CPU time and memory performance in multi-threaded application is evaluated by measuring event throughput and memory gain as a function of the number of threads for selected event samples

DoSSiER: Database of Scientific Simulation and Experimental Results

The Geant4, GeantV and GENIE collaborations regularly perform validation and regression tests for simulation results. DoSSiER (Database of Scientific Simulation and Experimental Results) is being developed as a central repository to store the simulation results as well as the experimental data used for validation. DoSSiER can be easily accessed via a web application. In addition, a web service allows for programmatic access to the repository to extract records in json or xml exchange formats. In this article, we describe the functionality and the current status of various components of DoSSiER as well as the technology choices we made

Software Aspects of the Geant4 Validation Repository

The Geant4, GeantV and GENIE collaborations regularly perform validation and regression tests for simulation results. DoSSiER (Database of Scientic Simulation and Experimental Results) is being developed as a central repository to store the simulation results as well as the experimental data used for validation. DoSSiER is easily accessible via a web application. In addition, a web service allows for programmatic access to the repository to extract records in JSON or XML exchange formats. In this article, we describe the functionality and the current status of various components of DoSSiER as well as the technology choices we made