Hadron Calorimeter (Projectile Spectator Detector—PSD) of NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN

The fixed target experiment NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS aims to study the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter. A segmented hadron calorimeter, the Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD), is used in the NA61 experiment to determine the collision centrality and to reconstruct the event plane orientation in collisions of nuclei. The PSD precisely characterizes the event class for the analysis and provides the centrality selection at the trigger level The wide ranges of beam energies and sizes of the collision system require high dynamic range of the electronic readout. At the same time sensitivity to small signals is needed for the PSD calibration based on minimum ionizing particles. The PSD was also used for particle identification to distinguish electrons and positrons from pions in the 2017 data taking of reference measurements for Fermilab neutrino beam lines. The performance of the PSD for hadrons is discussed as well as a proposal to upgrade the PSD for the NA61 experimental program beyond 2020

Development of a 100 ps TDC based on a Kintex 7 FPGA for the High Granular Neutron Time-of-Flight detector for the BM@N experiment

The prototype of a TDC board has been developed for the new high granular time-of-flight neutron detector (HGND). The board is based on the standard LVDS 4x asynchronous oversampling using the xc7k160 FPGA with a 100 ps bin width. The HGND is being developed for the BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) experiment to identify neutrons and to measure their energies in heavy-ion collisions at ion beam energies up to 4 A GeV. The HGND consists of about 2000 scintillator detectors (cells) with a size of $40 \times 40 \times 25 mm^3$ and light readout with EQR15 11-6060D-S photodetectors. To measure the time resolution of the scintillator cells, the two-channel FPGA TDC board prototype with two scintillator cells was tested with an electron beam of "Pakhra" synchrotron at the LPI institute (Moscow, Russia). The measured cell time resolution is 146 ps, which is in a good agreement with the 142 ps time resolution measured with a 12-bit @ 5 GS/s CAEN DT5742 digitizer. For the full HGND, the TDC readout board with three such FPGAs will read 250 channels. In total, eight such TDC boards will be used for the full HGND at the BM@N experiment

The Construction and Parameters of Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCAL) at MPD/NICA

Forward hadron calorimeter (FHCAL) at MPD/NICA experimental setup is intended for the measurements of the geometry of heavy ions collisions, namely, the collision centrality and the orientation of the reaction plane. FHCAL consists of two identical arms placed at the left/right sides from the beam collision point. This is a modular lead- scintillator compensating calorimeter designed to measure the energy distribution of the projectile nuclei fragments (spectators) and forward going particles close to the beam rapidity

CASTOR: Centauro and Strange Object Research in nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC

We describe the CASTOR detector designed to probe the very forward, baryon-rich rapidity region in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. We present a phenomenological model describing the formation of a QGP fireball in a high baryochemical potential environment, and its subsequent decay into baryons and strangelets. The model explains Centauros and the long-penetrating component and makes predictions for the LHC. Simulations of Centauro-type events were done. To study the response of the apparatus to new effects different exotic species (DCC, Centauros, strangelets etc.) were passed through the deep calorimeter. The energy deposition pattern in the calorimeter appears to be a new clear signature of the QGP.Comment: Talk given by E. Gladysz-Dziadus for the CASTOR group, Intern. Workshop on Nuclear Theory, 10-15 June, 2002, Bulgaria, Rila Mountains, 15 pages, 14 figure

Hadron calorimeter with MAPD readout in the NA61/SHINE experiment

The modular hadron calorimeter with micro-pixel avalanche photodiodes readout for the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS is presented. The calorimeter consists of 44 independent modules with lead-scintillator sandwich structure. The light from the scintillator tiles is captured by and transported with WLS-fibers embedded in scintillator grooves. The construction provides a longitudinal segmentation of the module in 10 sections with independent MAPD readout. MAPDs with pixel density of $~10^{4}$/mm$^2$ ensure good linearity of calorimeter response in a wide dynamical range. The performance of the calorimeter prototype in a beam test is reported

RPC with low-resistive phosphate glass electrodes as a candidate for the CBM TOF

Usage of electrodes made of glass with low bulk resistivity seems to be a promising way to adapt the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) to the high-rate environment of the upcoming CBM experiment. A pilot four-gap RPC sample with electrodes made of phosphate glass, which has bulk resistivity in the order of 10^10 Ohm cm, has been studied with MIP beam for TOF applications. The tests have yielded satisfactory results: the efficiency remains above 95% and the time resolution stays within 120 ps up to the particle rate of 18 kHz/cm2. The increase in rate from 2.25 to 18 kHz/cm2 leads to an increase of estimated "tails" fraction in the time spectrum from 1.5% to 4%.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Elsevier Scienc