Migration in a segmented labour market

Embedded in the “dual labour market” theory which focuses on the role of structural characteristics of national labour markets in determining the demand for foreign labour force, this report intends to contribute to the debate on drivers of the demand for foreign labour force and on mechanisms of labour market integration of immigrants in host countries. In specific, the report aims to assess whether in segmented labour markets foreign workforce has higher probability of being allocated on specific segments, and associated jobs, than natives. The analysis was carried out in reference to the EU-15 area (AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, and UK) using the 2015 EU LFS data. The results identified three distinct segments on the EU labour market describing the coexistence of “good” jobs on one side and “bad” jobs on another. In such labour market structure, the estimates show that immigrants have higher probability than natives of being employed in “bad” jobs, although the immigrants-natives gap varies significantly among MS. These estimates are confirmed even when the sample is limited to more recent immigration waves.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Patterns of immigrants’ integration in European labour markets

This report looks at employment rates of immigrants and systematically compares them with employment rates of natives. The first finding is that employment gaps vary substantially across Member States, and that for some these gaps are persistent in the period considered (2008-2015). In addition, there is little evidence of overall convergence between Member States in the reduction of these gaps over this period. Having looked at the trends in employment rates since 2008, this report then turns to the likely reasons for the gaps. By drawing on the academic and policy literature, it singles out some of the most likely determinants of these gaps and unpacks them according to their relationships with length of residency, country of origin, education, and skills. Finally, the last section provides a brief overview of the evolution of these gaps in the context of Member States’ active labour market policies. The last section outlines the main findings.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Foreign Degrees, Region of Birth and Under-utilisation of Tertiary Education in the EU

The aim of this report is to describe the performance of tertiary educated non-EU born migrants and mobile EU citizens in EU labour markets by looking at two different measures of performance: non-employment rate and over-education. Using the latest waves of the EU-LFS for 2017-2018, we are able to determine differences in performances between 'local' and 'foreign' degree holders by region of origin. The descriptive results suggest that foreign degrees are associated with poorer labour market outcomes, but the extent seems to vary largely across non-native groups.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc