9,033 research outputs found
Super-Resolution Microscopy: A Virusâ Eye View of the Cell
It is difficult to observe the molecular choreography between viruses and host cell components, as they exist on a spatial scale beyond the reach of conventional microscopy. However, novel super-resolution microscopy techniques have cast aside technical limitations to reveal a nanoscale view of virus replication and cell biology. This article provides an introduction to super-resolution imaging; in particular, localisation microscopy, and explores the application of such technologies to the study of viruses and tetraspanins, the topic of this special issue
Lightning current waveform measuring system
An apparatus is described for monitoring current waveforms produced by lightning strikes which generate currents in an elongated cable. These currents are converted to voltages and to light waves for being transmitted over an optical cable to a remote location. At the remote location, the waves are reconstructed back into electrical waves for being stored into a memory. The information is stored within the memory with a timing signal so that only different signals need be stored in order to reconstruct the wave form
Opposing shear senses in a subdetachment mylonite zone: Implications for core complex mechanics
[1] Global studies of metamorphic core complexes and lowâangle detachment faults have highlighted a fundamental problem: Since detachments excise crustal section, the relationship between the mylonitic rocks in their footwalls and the brittle deformation in their hanging walls is commonly unclear. Mylonites could either reflect ductile deformation related to exhumation along the detachment fault, or they could be a more general feature of the extending middle crust that has been âcaptured â by the detachment. In the first case we would expect the kinematics of the mylonite zone to mirror the sense of movement on the detachment; in the second case both the direction and sense of shear in the mylonites could be different. The northern Snake Range dĂ©collement (NSRD) is a classic Basin and Range detachment fault with a wellâdocumented topâeast of displacement. We present structural, paleo-magnetic, geochronological, and geothermometric evidence to suggest that the mylonite zone below the NSRD locally experienced phases of both east â and westâdirected shear, inconsistent with movement along a single detachment fault. We therefore propose that the footwall mylonites represent a predetachment dis-continuity in the middle crust that separated localized deformation above from distributed crustal flow below (localizedâdistributed transition (LDT)). The mylonites were subsequently captured by a moderately dipping brittle detachment that soled down to the middle crust and exhumed them around a rolling hinge into a subhorizontal orientation at the surface, produc-ing the presentâday NSRD. In this interpretation the brittle hanging wall represents a series of rotated upper crustal normal faults, whereas the mylonitic footwall represents one or more exhumed middl
Modeling the Pulse Profiles of Millisecond Pulsars in the Second LAT Catalog of gamma-ray Pulsars
Significant gamma-ray pulsations have been detected from ~40 millisecond
pulsars (MSPs) using 3 years of sky-survey data from the Fermi LAT and radio
timing solutions from across the globe. We have fit the radio and gamma-ray
pulse profiles of these MSPs using geometric versions of slot gap and outer gap
gamma-ray emission models and radio cone and core models. For MSPs with radio
and gamma-ray peaks aligned in phase we also explore low-altitude slot gap
gamma-ray models and caustic radio models. The best-fit parameters provide
constraints on the viewing geometries and emission sites. While the exact
pulsar magnetospheric geometry is unknown, we can use the increased number of
known gamma-ray MSPs to look for significant trends in the population which
average over these uncertainties.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 5th
International Symposium on High-Energy Astronom
- âŠ