Die landboupotensiaal van wes-transvaal en die stimulering van nywerheidsontwikkeling

Die landboupotensiaal van ’n gebied is slegs die peil van produksie wat binne die perke van die fisiese faktore soos topografie, grond en klimaat behaal kan word. Die werklike produksie op enige tydstip sal egter afhang van die invloed van eksterne maatreëls of ’n kombinasie van eksterne maatreëls wat baie suksesvol toegepas kan word om die landbouproduksie te stimuleer in ’n bepaalde rigting, is die voorsiening van ’n bestendige mark of afsetmoontlikhede. ’n Vrugte-inmaakfabriek in ’n bepaalde omgewing kan so as prikkel dien om vrugteboerdery in die bepaalde omgewing te bevorder en te bestendig

Grondkundige navorsing in die hoëveld-streek*

Die Landbounavorsingsinstituut van die Hoëveldstreek te Potchefstroom is die sentrum van navorsing vir die Hoëveldstreek, een van die sewe ekologiese landboustreke waarin die Republiek onderverdeel is. Met sy na- genoeg 11,500,000 morg boerdery-oppervlakte is dit die derde kleinste streek en beslaan dit slegs 11.1% van die totale oppervlakte van die Republiek. Die 4,389,881 morg grond onder bewerking verteenwoordig egter 51.8% van die totale bewerkte grond in die Republiek. Behalwe 'n klein gedeelte wat onder besproeiing is, word die grond aangewend vir droëland-boerdery. Dit beteken dat die sukses van die oeste in ’n groot mate afhanklik is van klimaatsomstandighede. Tot dusver het die mens nog nie daarin geslaag om die makro-klimaat in enige mate te beheer om daardeur risiko’s in die boerdery uit te skakel nie. Die grondklimaat kan egter beheer word deur agronomiese praktyke soos bv. deur die daarstelling van ’n „grondkombers” om verdamping te beperk en om so- veel as moontlik vog te bewaar vir plantegroei

The impact of a change in work posture from seated to stand-up on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sewing-machine operators

BACKGROUND : Work‐related postural change could lead to improved musculoskeletal health. METHOD(S) : In a quantitative, retrospective, longitudinal study, data of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of 123 sewing‐machine operators were captured for 4.5 years, and analysed using Poisson regression. RESULTS : Stand‐up work posture (SUWP) reduced the incidence for spinal disorders (SD) to 0.29 fold the incidence for sitting work posture (SWP) (P < 0.001). Morbid obesity had significantly increased (P = 0.04) incidence of upper limb disorders (ULD), 3.35 times that of normal body mass index (BMI) (regardless of work posture). SUWP was associated with increased IRR (1.49) for lower limb disorders (LLD). LLDs were associated with obesity (overweight (IRR = 2.58; P = 0.08), obese (IRR = 2.45; P = 0.09), and morbidly obese (IRR = 6.24; P = 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS : The protective benefit of the SUWP was statistically significant for SD incidence. Owing to high mean BMI, SUWP had a negative impact on the incidence of LLDs for the first 2 monthshttp://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ajim2019-08-01hj2018Physiotherap

In vivo Spectrophotometric Assessment of the Tooth Whitening Effectiveness of Nite White 10% with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, Potassium Nitrate and Fluoride, Over a 6-month Period

To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of Nite White 10% carbamide peroxide with amorphous calcium phosphate, potassium nitrate and fluoride over a 6-month follow-up period. Nite White was applied nightly for 14 days, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of twenty one subjects was measured with a spectrophotometer (L*; a*; b*). Subjects were instructed to take note of any tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. For all three components (L*, a* and b*) statistical significant differences (p<0.05) in the values between base-line (pre-bleaching) and; after treatment, after 1-month, after 3-months as well as after 6-months were found (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test). Significant differences were also found amongst the ΔE*ab (0-14days) values and; ΔE*ab (0-1 month), ΔE*ab (0-3 months) and ΔE*ab (0-6 months). However, no significant differences were found between pairs of ΔE*ab (0-1 month), ΔE*ab (0-3 months) and ΔE*ab (0-6months). The decrease in ΔE*ab was the highest after 1 month (~30%). The highest decrease in L* was about 58% after 1 month. Over the 14-day treatment period tooth sensitivity was 24.5%. Conclusions: Nite White ACP demonstrated significant tooth-whitening (unit increase = 5.29) with a low tooth sensitivity (25%) probably due to the presence of amorphous calcium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and fluoride. The whitening effect decreased the most after one month and then maintained well even after a 6 month period (units 3.89)

A Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Two Different 10% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Products: A 6-Month Followup

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products just after treatment and after a 6-month follow-up period. Methods. Two 10% carbamide peroxide products (Opalescence PF and Nite White ACP) were applied nightly for 14 days, according to the manufacturers' instructions. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of thirty-four subjects having A2 or darker teeth were measured with a spectrophotometer (L∗; a∗; b∗) before treatment, just after treatment (14 days) and after 6 months. Results and Conclusions. Both products produced significant whitening of teeth with total color change (ΔEab∗) of approximately 5.20 units. There was a significant improvement in all 3 color coordinates (L*, a*, and b∗) for up to 6 months postbleaching (P < .05). Nite White showed a higher degree of relapse (27%) than Opalescence (18%) over the 6-month period. It is suggested that rebleaching after 6 months is not necessary

High failure rate of the interspinous distraction device (X-Stop) for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis caused by degenerative spondylolisthesis

The X-Stop interspinous distraction device has shown to be an attractive alternative to conventional surgical procedures in the treatment of symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. However, the effectiveness of the X-Stop in symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis caused by degenerative spondylolisthesis is not known. A cohort of 12 consecutive patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis caused by degenerative spondylolisthesis were treated with the X-Stop interspinous distraction device. All patients had low back pain, neurogenic claudication and radiculopathy. Pre-operative radiographs revealed an average slip of 19.6%. MRI of the lumbosacral spine showed a severe stenosis. In ten patients, the X-Stop was placed at the L4–5 level, whereas two patients were treated at both, L3–4 and L4–5 level. The mean follow-up was 30.3 months. In eight patients a complete relief of symptoms was observed post-operatively, whereas the remaining 4 patients experienced no relief of symptoms. Recurrence of pain, neurogenic claudication, and worsening of neurological symptoms was observed in three patients within 24 months. Post-operative radiographs and MRI did not show any changes in the percentage of slip or spinal dimensions. Finally, secondary surgical treatment by decompression with posterolateral fusion was performed in seven patients (58%) within 24 months. In conclusion, the X-Stop interspinous distraction device showed an extremely high failure rate, defined as surgical re-intervention, after short term follow-up in patients with spinal stenosis caused by degenerative spondylolisthesis. We do not recommend the X-Stop for the treatment of spinal stenosis complicating degenerative spondylolisthesis