Traumatic Brain Injury and Public Stigma: The Effect of Perceived Responsibility

A known 5.3 million Americans are currently disabled by traumatic brain injury (TBI; NCIPC, 2016). Perceived responsibility can alter public attitudes toward those with TBI, resulting in challenges such as stigma. Weiner’s Attribution Theory (1993) has yet to be applied to those with brain injury despite evidence that perceived responsibility negatively impacted public attitudes (Linden et al., 2007; Redpath et al., 2010). Further, It is unclear within the literature what characteristics of the injury (e.g., safety equipment uses, job-related) impact public stigma. Therefore, the aim of this study is to expand on previous research regarding TBI and perceptions of responsibility by evaluating the effect of proper safety equipment usage and occupation type on public stigma

X-ray microdiffraction studies of an integrated laser-modulator system

The authors report the use of a spatially resolved x-ray microdiffraction technique for the structural study of an integrated laser-modulator system. The monochromatic (11 keV) x-ray beam microfocused to less than 1 {micro}m in the vertical direction was obtained using a phase zone plate. The photon flux at the focal spot exceeded 3 {times} 10{sup 10} photons/s/0.01% bw/{micro}m{sup 2}. The intense flux density and high spatial resolution of the focused beam was used to study the structure of a laser-modulator system, which is a 1-{micro}m-wide and 1-mm-long multi-quantum well structure on an InP substrate. The superlattice d-spacing and the strain field in the direction normal to the diffracting planes were mapped as a function of position along the length of the device

Red vs. Blue: Identifying Demands Among Faculty and Graduate Students

Recently enacted legislation and political climate may contribute to faculty dissatisfaction. For instance, 87% of faculty in Florida would not recommend faculty jobs in their state because of recent laws affecting higher education (e.g., DEI funding restrictions in institutions; Zahneis & June 2023). Those in Democratic states may also be impacted (e.g., White males feeling discriminated against; Isom Scott, 2018). These political climates related to higher education may also impact graduate students and contribute to their stress. In this study, we examined to what extent being in a “red,” “purple,” or “blue” state (e.g., conservative, moderate/centrist, or liberal) related to job/school stressors and burnout among faculty and graduate students

A Hybrid Carcinoma of Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in Maxillary Sinus

Hybrid carcinoma of the salivary gland is a very rare entity that has been described only in the parotid and palate. The occurrence of a hybrid carcinoma of maxillary sinus has not been reported. The diagnosis of hybrid carcinoma is important particularly when the components of tumor have different biologic behaviors. Diagnosis and treatment require a high index of suspicion, especially when the tumor is an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, pathological effort to look for a more aggressive accompanying tumor, and proper oncologic treatment. We describe a case of 26-yr-old woman with a hybrid carcinoma composed of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma with an adenoid cystic carcinoma component (cribriform pattern) in the right maxillary sinus with a brief review of the relevant literature

Numerical Investigation of Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorber: A Multifidelity Approach

A representative shock absorber geometry is developed based on the general guidelines available in the literature, and it is validated against experimental measurements from a drop test. Simulations are conducted using a multi-fidelity approach ranging from unsteady scale resolving three-dimensional simulations to dynamic system models. High fidelity simulations provide a detailed insight into the flow physics inside the shock absorber, as well as help calibrate and validate lower fidelity methods, under conditions for which no experimental measurements are available to achieve that purpose. On the other hand, lower fidelity methods are used to efficiently scan the design space and test the dependency of the shock absorber performance on the various design parameters, in addition to identifying parameter combinations that would be of interest to investigate using a high-fidelity approach

Numerical investigation of oleo-pneumatic shock absorber: a multi-fidelity approach

A representative shock absorber geometry is developed based on the general guidelines available in the literature, and it is validated against experimental measurements from a drop test. Simulations are conducted using a multi-fidelity approach ranging from unsteady scale resolving three-dimensional simulations to dynamic system models. High fidelity simulations provide a detailed insight into the flow physics inside the shock absorber, as well as help calibrate and validate lower fidelity methods, under conditions for which no experimental measurements are available to achieve that purpose. On the other hand, lower fidelity methods are used to efficiently scan the design space and test the dependency of the shock absorber performance on the various design parameters, in addition to identifying parameter combinations that would be of interest to investigate using a high-fidelity approach

Numerical investigation of orifice nearfield flow development in oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers

The flow field development through a simplified shock absorber orifice geometry is investigated using a single phase Large Eddy Simulation. Hydraulic oil is used as the working fluid with a constant inlet velocity and an open top boundary to allow the study to focus on the free shear layer and the flow development in the vicinity of the main orifice. The flow field is validated using standard mixing layer dynamics. The impact of the orifice shape is discussed with regards to the initial free shear layer growth, boundary layer development and the potential appearance of cavitation bubbles. Observations are made regarding the presence of flow field disturbances upstream of and through the orifice, thereby, leading to a notable turbulence intensity level in those regions.Innovate UK: 263261 and Airbus U

Numerical Investigation of Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorber: Setup and Validation

The simulation of an oleo-pneumatic shock absorber is discussed focusing on the solver validation and high fidelity case setup. The multi-physics nature of the problem is tackled by conducting a range of validation cases in the base areas expected to be of relevance. A dynamic system model of the shock absorber is used to generate physically consistent boundary conditions. In addition, steady RANS simulations provide a preliminary insight into the internal flow development and to assist in the design of higher resolution grids

Numerical investigation of oleo-pneumatic shock absorber: setup and validation

The simulation of an oleo-pneumatic shock absorber is discussed focusing on the solver validation and high fidelity case setup. The multi-physics nature of the problem is tackled by conducting a range of validation cases in the base areas expected to be of relevance. A dynamic system model of the shock absorber is used to generate physically consistent boundary conditions. In addition, steady RANS simulations provide a preliminary insight into the internal flow development and to assist in the design of higher resolution grids

Unsteady multiphase simulation of oleo-pneumatic shock absorber flow

The internal flow in oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers is a complex multiphysics problem combining the interaction between highly unsteady turbulent flow and multiphase mixing, among other effects. The aim is to present a validated simulation methodology that facilitates shock absorber performance prediction by capturing the dominant internal flow physics. This is achieved by simulating a drop test of approximately 1 tonne with an initial contact vertical speed of 2.7 m/s, corresponding to a light jet. The flow field solver is ANSYS Fluent, using an unsteady two-dimensional axisymmetric multiphase setup with a time-varying inlet velocity boundary condition corresponding to the stroke rate of the shock absorber piston. The stroke rate is calculated using a two-equation dynamic system model of the shock absorber under the applied loading. The simulation is validated against experimental measurements of the total force on the shock absorber during the stroke, in addition to standard physical checks. The flow field analysis focuses on multiphase mixing and its influence on the turbulent free shear layer and recirculating flow. A mixing index approach is suggested to facilitate systematically quantifying the mixing process and identifying the distinct stages of the interaction. It is found that gas–oil interaction has a significant impact on the flow development in the shock absorber’s upper chamber, where strong mixing leads to a periodic stream of small gas bubbles being fed into the jet’s shear layer from larger bubbles in recirculation zones, most notably in the corner between the orifice plate and outer shock absorber wall.This research was funded by Innovate UK grant number 10002411, under the ATI/IUK Project: LANDOne, with Airbus UK as Industrial Lead