670 research outputs found
Therapeutic Alliance Among Individuals who Experienced Childhood Interpersonal Trauma: The Role of Cultural Humility, Therapeutic Presence, and Attachment Style
Despite decades of prevention campaigns and research, childhood interpersonal trauma remains a critical mental health problem in the United States with longstanding and harmful negative effects on adult psycho-relational functioning (Dugal, Bigras, Godbout, & Belanger, 2016). In the United States, 678,810 children were found to be victims of childhood abuse in one year (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2013). Estimated prevalence rates of childhood trauma in American adults older than 55 years were 13.5% for verbal abuse, 9.6% for physical abuse and 9.3% for sexual abuse (Bynum et al., 2010). Childhood interpersonal trauma may have a damaging impact on a childâs development (Dodge, 2010; Schury & Kolassa, 2012), and in the long run may lead to high rates of suicidality and low levels of social functioning (Stansfeld et al., 2010). Extended interdisciplinary common factor research has identified the therapeutic alliance as a consistent factor influencing therapeutic outcomes (FlĂŒckiger, Del Re, Wampold, Koole & Tschacher, 2016; Symonds & Horvath, 2012). Cultural humility (Hook, Davis, Worthington, & Utsey, 2013; Owen et al., 2014), therapeutic presence (Colosimo & Pos, 2015; Geller & Porges, 2014), and attachment style (Byrd, Patterson, & Turchik, 2010; Marmarosh et al., 2009) have all been found to significantly contribute to the development of the therapeutic alliance. However, these factors have not been investigated together in the context of working with individuals with a history of childhood interpersonal trauma. These variables are of particular importance looking at interpersonal trauma survivors, as healing relationships that provide quietness, safety, presence, protection, and empowerment are integral to their recovery process (Herman, 1992; Levine, 1997). This study investigated the relationships among cultural humility, therapeutic presence, attachment style, and therapeutic alliance when working with childhood interpersonal trauma survivors. Correlation analyses indicated that cultural humility and therapeutic presence were both significantly correlated with therapeutic alliance. Regression analyses revealed that together cultural humility, therapeutic presence and attachment anxiety were the strongest predictors of the therapeutic alliance. Implications and recommendations for professional counselors and counselor educators are provided
Efficient kinetic method for fluid simulation beyond the Navier-Stokes equation
We present a further theoretical extension to the kinetic theory based
formulation of the lattice Boltzmann method of Shan et al (2006). In addition
to the higher order projection of the equilibrium distribution function and a
sufficiently accurate Gauss-Hermite quadrature in the original formulation, a
new regularization procedure is introduced in this paper. This procedure
ensures a consistent order of accuracy control over the non-equilibrium
contributions in the Galerkin sense. Using this formulation, we construct a
specific lattice Boltzmann model that accurately incorporates up to the third
order hydrodynamic moments. Numerical evidences demonstrate that the extended
model overcomes some major defects existed in the conventionally known lattice
Boltzmann models, so that fluid flows at finite Knudsen number (Kn) can be more
quantitatively simulated. Results from force-driven Poiseuille flow simulations
predict the Knudsen's minimum and the asymptotic behavior of flow flux at large
Kn
An Ecological Perspective of Intergenerational Trauma: Clinical Implications
In this paper, the authors present information about both intergenerational trauma and an ecological case conceptualization model to assist counselors as they develop treatment plans and determine appropriate interventions. Bronfenbrennerâs Ecological model is introduced as a way to help professional counselors in a variety of settings explore a more holistic understanding of presenting problems. The authors use a case illustration to highlight how to implement an ecological framework with a client with Colombian heritage to better understand and address intergenerational trauma as an important aspect of treatment planning. The paper includes clinical examples, clinical resources, and implications for professional counselors, so they can intentionally consider intergenerational trauma while working with a variety of clients
Detection of the glucocorticoid receptors in brain protein extracts by SDS-PAGE
Uncorrected proofGlucocorticoids are steroid hormones vital for organ system homeostasis and for the maintenance of essential biological processes. A significant part of these actions are mediated through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. To cover such variety of processes the different glucocorticoids act through different GR isoforms that are originated due to posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. For this reason when evaluating the levels of GRs we should preferentially determine protein levels instead of gene expression. Here, we describe the detection by Western blotting of the GR (a and Ă isoforms) protein, using macrodissected brain tissue
Strong Shock Waves and Nonequilibrium Response in a One-dimensional Gas: a Boltzmann Equation Approach
We investigate the nonequilibrium behavior of a one-dimensional binary fluid
on the basis of Boltzmann equation, using an infinitely strong shock wave as
probe. Density, velocity and temperature profiles are obtained as a function of
the mixture mass ratio \mu. We show that temperature overshoots near the shock
layer, and that heavy particles are denser, slower and cooler than light
particles in the strong nonequilibrium region around the shock. The shock width
w(\mu), which characterizes the size of this region, decreases as w(\mu) ~
\mu^{1/3} for \mu-->0. In this limit, two very different length scales control
the fluid structure, with heavy particles equilibrating much faster than light
ones. Hydrodynamic fields relax exponentially toward equilibrium, \phi(x) ~
exp[-x/\lambda]. The scale separation is also apparent here, with two typical
scales, \lambda_1 and \lambda_2, such that \lambda_1 ~ \mu^{1/2} as \mu-->0$,
while \lambda_2, which is the slow scale controlling the fluid's asymptotic
relaxation, increases to a constant value in this limit. These results are
discussed at the light of recent numerical studies on the nonequilibrium
behavior of similar 1d binary fluids.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figs, published versio
Incorporating Forcing Terms in Cascaded Lattice-Boltzmann Approach by Method of Central Moments
Cascaded lattice-Boltzmann method (Cascaded-LBM) employs a new class of
collision operators aiming to improve numerical stability. It achieves this and
distinguishes from other collision operators, such as in the standard single or
multiple relaxation time approaches, by performing relaxation process due to
collisions in terms of moments shifted by the local hydrodynamic fluid
velocity, i.e. central moments, in an ascending order-by-order at different
relaxation rates. In this paper, we propose and derive source terms in the
Cascaded-LBM to represent the effect of external or internal forces on the
dynamics of fluid motion. This is essentially achieved by matching the
continuous form of the central moments of the source or forcing terms with its
discrete version. Different forms of continuous central moments of sources,
including one that is obtained from a local Maxwellian, are considered in this
regard. As a result, the forcing terms obtained in this new formulation are
Galilean invariant by construction. The method of central moments along with
the associated orthogonal properties of the moment basis completely determines
the expressions for the source terms as a function of the force and macroscopic
velocity fields. In contrast to the existing forcing schemes, it is found that
they involve higher order terms in velocity space. It is shown that the
proposed approach implies "generalization" of both local equilibrium and source
terms in the usual lattice frame of reference, which depend on the ratio of the
relaxation times of moments of different orders. An analysis by means of the
Chapman-Enskog multiscale expansion shows that the Cascaded-LBM with forcing
terms is consistent with the Navier-Stokes equations. Computational experiments
with canonical problems involving different types of forces demonstrate its
accuracy.Comment: 55 pages, 4 figure
A causal statistical family of dissipative divergence type fluids
In this paper we investigate some properties, including causality, of a
particular class of relativistic dissipative fluid theories of divergence type.
This set is defined as those theories coming from a statistical description of
matter, in the sense that the three tensor fields appearing in the theory can
be expressed as the three first momenta of a suitable distribution function. In
this set of theories the causality condition for the resulting system of
hyperbolic partial differential equations is very simple and allow to identify
a subclass of manifestly causal theories, which are so for all states outside
equilibrium for which the theory preserves this statistical interpretation
condition. This subclass includes the usual equilibrium distributions, namely
Boltzmann, Bose or Fermi distributions, according to the statistics used,
suitably generalized outside equilibrium. Therefore this gives a simple proof
that they are causal in a neighborhood of equilibrium. We also find a bigger
set of dissipative divergence type theories which are only pseudo-statistical,
in the sense that the third rank tensor of the fluid theory has the symmetry
and trace properties of a third momentum of an statistical distribution, but
the energy-momentum tensor, while having the form of a second momentum
distribution, it is so for a different distribution function. This set also
contains a subclass (including the one already mentioned) of manifestly causal
theories.Comment: LaTex, documentstyle{article
Hydrodynamics of probabilistic ballistic annihilation
We consider a dilute gas of hard spheres in dimension that upon
collision either annihilate with probability or undergo an elastic
scattering with probability . For such a system neither mass, momentum,
nor kinetic energy are conserved quantities. We establish the hydrodynamic
equations from the Boltzmann equation description. Within the Chapman-Enskog
scheme, we determine the transport coefficients up to Navier-Stokes order, and
give the closed set of equations for the hydrodynamic fields chosen for the
above coarse grained description (density, momentum and kinetic temperature).
Linear stability analysis is performed, and the conditions of stability for the
local fields are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 3 eps figures include
Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamics: A Minimal Causal Theory
We present a new formalism for the theory of relativistic dissipative
hydrodynamics. Here, we look for the minimal structure of such a theory which
satisfies the covariance and causality by introducing the memory effect in
irreversible currents. Our theory has a much simpler structure and thus has
several advantages for practical purposes compared to the Israel-Stewart theory
(IS). It can readily be applied to the full three-dimensional hydrodynamical
calculations. We apply our formalism to the Bjorken model and the results are
shown to be analogous to the IS.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. C in pres
Derivation of fluid dynamics from kinetic theory with the 14--moment approximation
We review the traditional derivation of the fluid-dynamical equations from
kinetic theory according to Israel and Stewart. We show that their procedure to
close the fluid-dynamical equations of motion is not unique. Their approach
contains two approximations, the first being the so-called 14-moment
approximation to truncate the single-particle distribution function. The second
consists in the choice of equations of motion for the dissipative currents.
Israel and Stewart used the second moment of the Boltzmann equation, but this
is not the only possible choice. In fact, there are infinitely many moments of
the Boltzmann equation which can serve as equations of motion for the
dissipative currents. All resulting equations of motion have the same form, but
the transport coefficients are different in each case.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, typos fixed and discussions added; EPJA: Topical
issue on "Relativistic Hydro- and Thermodynamics
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