Analysis and Design of a Two Stage CMOS OP-AMP with 180nm using Miller Compensation Technique

With the continuous growing trend towards the reduced supply voltage and transistor channel length, designing of high performance analog integrated circuits such as operational amplifier in CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology becomes more critical. In this paper the two stage CMOS Operational amplifier (op-amp) has been designed using miller compensation technique which operates at 2.5V. Miller compensation technique has been employed with two approaches, first is using single miller compensation capacitor whereas second approach uses single miller compensation capacitor in series with nulling resistor. To achieve increased phase margin which indicate stability of a system, new design has been proposed with the help of second approach. The simulation was performed using TSMC 180nm CMOS process and design has been carried out in tanner EDA tool. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160410

CLMSM: A Multi-Task Learning Framework for Pre-training on Procedural Text

In this paper, we propose CLMSM, a domain-specific, continual pre-training framework, that learns from a large set of procedural recipes. CLMSM uses a Multi-Task Learning Framework to optimize two objectives - a) Contrastive Learning using hard triplets to learn fine-grained differences across entities in the procedures, and b) a novel Mask-Step Modelling objective to learn step-wise context of a procedure. We test the performance of CLMSM on the downstream tasks of tracking entities and aligning actions between two procedures on three datasets, one of which is an open-domain dataset not conforming with the pre-training dataset. We show that CLMSM not only outperforms baselines on recipes (in-domain) but is also able to generalize to open-domain procedural NLP tasks.Comment: Accepted to EMNLP Findings 2023, 14 pages, 4 figure

Behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) perspectives on E-waste recycling and management

Each year, millions of tons of electronic waste (or e-waste) are generated worldwide, thus, fueling concerns among scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and governments about e-waste recycling and management. The past few years have witnessed a growing interest among scholars to examine the behavioral issues concerning e-waste recycling. However, most of the existing studies have focused on adopting e-waste recycling and related innovations. It is already known that ‘reasons for’ and ‘reasons against’ the adoption of any innovation are quantitatively different. The current study bridges this gap by utilizing a novel consumer behavior framework called behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) to study e-waste recycling attitudes and intentions. The study examined the relative influence of ‘reasons for’ and ‘reasons against’ in predicting attitude and intentions within the context of e-waste recycling by using a single framework. The developed model was tested using structural equation modeling with 774 Japanese consumers. The study also examined the moderating role of environmental assessment and environmental concerns in influencing the studied associations. The results suggest that ‘reasons for’ was positively associated with attitude and intentions. The consumer values shared negative associations only with ‘reasons against.’ The study findings offer interesting insights for service providers, policymakers, and governments.publishedVersio

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Health Care Workers in India

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 has been spread almost all over the world in the last two years, including in India. Vaccines are a critical tool in the battle against COVID-19, and India has flagged the largest vaccination drive on 16 January 2021. Although public acceptance was varying, which can lead to non-acceptance. Aim & Objective: To estimate an acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors. Settings and Design: An analytical cross-sectional study among health care workers in India   Methods & Material: It was conducted using a validated, self-administrated online survey questionnaire, and data were analyzed using SPSS 23 version. The outcome variable was healthcare workers’ acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 450 HCWs participated, including 205(45.6%) women and 245(54.4%) men. A total of 270 (60%) subjects will accept vaccines, while 33.3% were unwilling to accept and wait for vaccines. Male gender (OR=3.14), being married and experienced (OR=11.49), vaccine effectiveness (OR=6.4), vaccine safety (OR=3.4), and past history (OR=2.28) were significantly associated. On applying logistic regression for associated factors, gender (B= -1.145, S.E.= 0.200, Wald 32.748), being married (B= -1.482, S.E.= 0.216, Wald 46.937), for experienced (B= -0.865, S.E.= 0.200, effectiveness (B= -1.856, S.E.= 0.245, Wald 57.431), Safety (B= -1.224, S.E.= 0.202, Wald 36.633) and past history (B= -0.357, S.E.= 0.248, Wald 2.071) found significant. Recommendation: Proper information is crucial and healthcare workers’ attitudes about vaccines are an important factor for acceptance and recommendation of the vaccine to the public for population-wide coverage

ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY AND COMPLICATIONS OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS

Abstract :Introduction: From the era of absolute contraindication to the phase of preferred treatment, the technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy advances with time. Here, we report our experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 20 patients of liver cirrhosis. In our institute, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred choice for cholelithiasis in cirrhotic patient.Methods: In last 2 years, 180 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed and 20 patients were cirrhotic. Their data analyzed retrospectively in terms of preoperative optimization, operative technique and results.Results: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed successfully in 19 patients and one was converted to open. Mean operative time was 54 minutes. No additional port was required in all cases. Calot's first dissection was performed in 18 patients and fundus first technique was used in 2 patients due to unclear anatomy. Liver bed bleeding was present in 16 patients, which was controlled effectively. Subhepatic drain was placed in 12 patients. There was no mortality. Morbidity  in two patients was worsening of ascites in one; and incisional hernia in other patient which was converted to open. Port site complications were not noted in any patient and there was no evidence of intraabdominal bleeding or bile leak postoperatively. Blood and component transfusion was required in 2 patients. Average length of hospital stay was 4.8 days.Conclusion: Though laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be difficult in cirrhotic patients but it is feasible and relatively safe. It offers many advantages in cirrhotic patients and associated with low morbidity when compared with open surgery.Keywords: cirrhosis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, difficult cholecystectom

Revision total knee arthroplasty in the young patient: is there trouble on the horizon?

BACKGROUND: The volume of total knee arthroplasties, including revisions, in young patients is expected to rise. The objective of this study was to compare the reasons for revision and re-revision total knee arthroplasties between younger and older patients, to determine the survivorship of revision total knee arthroplasties, and to identify risk factors associated with failure of revision in patients fifty years of age or younger. METHODS: Perioperative data were collected for all total knee arthroplasty revisions performed from August 1999 to December 2009. A cohort of eighty-four patients who were fifty years of age or younger and a cohort of eighty-four patients who were sixty to seventy years of age were matched for the date of surgery, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The etiology of failure of the index total knee arthroplasty and all subsequent revision total knee arthroplasties was determined. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the timing of the primary failure and the survivorship of revision knee procedures. Finally, multivariate Cox regression was used to calculate risk ratios for the influence of age, sex, BMI, and the reason for the initial revision on survival of the revision total knee arthroplasty. RESULTS: The most common reason for the initial revision was aseptic loosening (27%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19% to 38%) in the younger cohort and infection (30%; 95% CI = 21% to 40%) in the older cohort. Of the twenty-five second revisions in younger patients, 32% (95% CI = 17% to 52%) were for infection, whereas 50% (95% CI = 32% to 68%) of the twenty-six second revisions in the older cohort were for infection. Cumulative six-year survival rates were 71.0% (95% CI = 60.7% to 83.0%) and 66.1% (95% CI = 54.5% to 80.2%) for revisions in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Infection and a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 posed the greatest risk of failure of revision procedures, with risk ratios of 2.731 (p = 0.006) and 2.934 (p = 0.009), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The survivorship of knee revisions in younger patients is a cause of concern, and the higher rates of aseptic failure in these patients may be related to unique demands that they place on the reconstruction. Improvement in implant fixation and treatment of infection when these patients undergo revision total knee arthroplasty is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence

FastDocFastDoc: Domain-Specific Fast Pre-training Technique using Document-Level Metadata and Taxonomy

As the demand for sophisticated Natural Language Processing (NLP) models continues to grow, so does the need for efficient pre-training techniques. Current NLP models undergo resource-intensive pre-training. In response, we introduce $FastDoc$ (Fast Pre-training Technique using Document-Level Metadata and Taxonomy), a novel approach designed to significantly reduce computational demands. $FastDoc$ leverages document metadata and domain-specific taxonomy as supervision signals. It involves continual pre-training of an open-domain transformer encoder using sentence-level embeddings, followed by fine-tuning using token-level embeddings. We evaluate $FastDoc$ on six tasks across nine datasets spanning three distinct domains. Remarkably, $FastDoc$ achieves remarkable compute reductions of approximately 1,000x, 4,500x, 500x compared to competitive approaches in Customer Support, Scientific, and Legal domains, respectively. Importantly, these efficiency gains do not compromise performance relative to competitive baselines. Furthermore, reduced pre-training data mitigates catastrophic forgetting, ensuring consistent performance in open-domain scenarios. $FastDoc$ offers a promising solution for resource-efficient pre-training, with potential applications spanning various domains.Comment: 38 pages, 7 figure

Magnesium: Pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic roles in intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains the second-most common form of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. ICH can be divided into two pathophysiological stages: an acute primary phase, including hematoma volume expansion, and a subacute secondary phase consisting of blood-brain barrier disruption and perihematomal edema expansion. To date, all major trials for ICH have targeted the primary phase with therapies designed to reduce hematoma expansion through blood pressure control, surgical evacuation, and hemostasis. However, none of these trials has resulted in improved clinical outcomes. Magnesium is a ubiquitous element that also plays roles in vasodilation, hemostasis, and blood-brain barrier preservation. Animal models have highlighted potential therapeutic roles for magnesium in neurological diseases specifically targeting these pathophysiological mechanisms. Retrospective studies have also demonstrated inverse associations between admission magnesium levels and hematoma volume, hematoma expansion, and clinical outcome in patients with ICH. These associations, coupled with the multifactorial role of magnesium that targets both primary and secondary phases of ICH, suggest that magnesium may be a viable target of study in future ICH studies