Facts and Treatment of Bullous Pemphigoid: A Review

Bullous pemphigoid (a type of pemphigoid) is an autoimmune pruritic skin disease that typically occurs in people aged over 60, that may involve the formation of blisters (bullae) in the space between the epidermal and dermal skin layers. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction, which involves formation of anti-hemidesmosome antibodies, causing a loss of keratinocytes to basement membrane adhesion. Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid are autoantibody-mediated blistering skin diseases. In pemphigus, keratinocytes in epidermis and mucous membranes lose cell-cell adhesion, and in pemphigoid, the basal keratinocytes lose adhesion to the basement membrane. Pemphigus lesions are mediated directly by the autoantibodies, whereas the autoantibodies in pemphigoid fix complement and mediate inflammation. In both diseases, the autoantigens have been cloned and characterized; pemphigus antigens are desmogleins (cell adhesion molecules in desmosomes), and pemphigoid antigens are found in hemidesmosomes (which mediate adhesion to the basement membrane). This knowledge has enabled diagnostic testing for these diseases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and dissection of various pathophysiological mechanisms, including direct inhibition of cell adhesion, antibody-induced internalization of antigen, and cell signaling. Understanding these mechanisms of disease has led to rational targeted therapeutic strategies

Sustainable Smart Helmet For Coal Miners

The “Sustainable Smart Safety Helmet for Coal Miners” paper aims to enhance the safety and well-being of coal miners by implementing an innovative monitoring system. The paper utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller, integrated with a suite of sensors, including DHT11 for temperature and humidity measurement, MQ135 for gas detection, IR Sensor for helmet status monitoring, and a Heartbeat Sensor for real-time pulse rate tracking. A Buzzer is also integrated to provide immediate audible alerts when potential hazards are detected. The system continuously collects sensor data in real-time, which is then processed and analysed within the ESP32 microcontroller. The data is transmitted to a user-friendly mobile application developed using Blynk. Through the Blynk app, miners and relevant personnel receive critical information regarding environmental conditions and the miners' vital signs. In case of any hazardous conditions, the system generates prompt alerts, triggering the Buzzer and sending notifications to the app to ensure timely responses to potential threats. By combining advanced sensor technology, real-time data monitoring, and swift alert mechanisms, this paper endeavours to safeguard the lives of coal miners in hazardous working environments, providing them with a smart safety solution and empowering them to work with increased confidence and security

Artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in agriculture: A Review

Providing food for the growing population is a challenging task, however, with historical agricultural practices, we can’t meet the food requirement of the world population. We are in the need to adopt modern technology to overcome adverse climatic and cultural challenges, which are faced by current generation, that is Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is the booming technology in the agriculture, which uses different sensors and neural networks and uses resources minimally based on need and predict the coming obstacles, which causes huge loss to crop. This review explain is, various applications of AI in the sustainable agriculture for crop managemen by overcoming realtime challenges and importance of AI in agriculture by comparing with traditional methods.

Abstracts of National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India held on 29–30 January 2021. This conference is the first of its kind organized by NIT-W which covered an array of interesting topics in biotechnology. This makes it a bit special as it brings together researchers from different disciplines of biotechnology, which in turn will also open new research and cooperation fields for them. Conference Title: National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental BiotechnologyConference Acronym: NCB4EBT-2021Conference Date: 29–30 January 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Indi