firedrakeproject/petsc4py: The Python interface to PETSc

This release is specifically created to document the version of petsc4py used in a particular set of experiments using Firedrake. Please do not cite this as a general source for Firedrake or any of its dependencies. Instead, refer to https://www.firedrakeproject.org/citing.htmlThis release is specifically created to document the version of petsc4py used in a particular set of experiments using Firedrake. Please do not cite this as a general source for Firedrake or any of its dependencies. Instead, refer to https://www.firedrakeproject.org/citing.html20181204.

firedrakeproject/petsc4py: The Python interface to PETSc

firedrakeproject/petsc4py: The Python interface to PETScfiredrakeproject/petsc4py: The Python interface to PETScFiredrake_20190815.

Autoimmune diabetes onset results from qualitative rather than quantitative age-dependent changes in pathogenic T-cells.

Diabetogenic T-cells can be detected in pre-diabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice after transfer in NOD-SCID recipients. Here we demonstrate that 6-week-old pre-diabetic NOD mice, >2 months before disease onset, already harbor pathogenic T-cells in equal numbers to overtly diabetic animals. The delay in diabetes appearance is explained by the presence of regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T-cells that control diabetogenic effectors and that are, in our hands, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-dependent. Our present results suggest, however, that diabetes onset is only partly explained by a decline in this regulatory T-cell activity. Another major factor appears to be the progressive resistance of diabetogenic cells to TGF-beta-dependent mediated inhibition. We propose that progression to overt disease correlates with the pathogenic T-cell's escape from TGF-beta-dependent T-cell-mediated regulation