12,637 research outputs found
The module of vector-valued modular forms is Cohen-Macaulay
Let denote a finite index subgroup of the modular group and let
denote a finite-dimensional complex representation of Let
denote the collection of holomorphic vector-valued modular forms for and
let denote the collection of modular forms on . Then is a
-graded -module. It has been proven that may not be
projective as a -module. We prove that is Cohen-Macaulay as a
-module. We also explain how to apply this result to prove that if
is a polynomial ring then is a free -module of rank
Comment: Six page
An Introduction to Quantum Error Correction and Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error
correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of
quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking
differences from the theory of classical error-correcting codes. Many quantum
codes can be described in terms of the stabilizer of the codewords. The
stabilizer is a finite Abelian group, and allows a straightforward
characterization of the error-correcting properties of the code. The stabilizer
formalism for quantum codes also illustrates the relationships to classical
coding theory, particularly classical codes over GF(4), the finite field with
four elements. To build a quantum computer which behaves correctly in the
presence of errors, we also need a theory of fault-tolerant quantum
computation, instructing us how to perform quantum gates on qubits which are
encoded in a quantum error-correcting code. The threshold theorem states that
it is possible to create a quantum computer to perform an arbitrary quantum
computation provided the error rate per physical gate or time step is below
some constant threshold value.Comment: 46 pages, with large margins. Includes quant-ph/0004072 plus 30 pages
of new material, mostly on fault-toleranc
The Heisenberg Representation of Quantum Computers
Since Shor's discovery of an algorithm to factor numbers on a quantum
computer in polynomial time, quantum computation has become a subject of
immense interest. Unfortunately, one of the key features of quantum computers -
the difficulty of describing them on classical computers - also makes it
difficult to describe and understand precisely what can be done with them. A
formalism describing the evolution of operators rather than states has proven
extremely fruitful in understanding an important class of quantum operations.
States used in error correction and certain communication protocols can be
described by their stabilizer, a group of tensor products of Pauli matrices.
Even this simple group structure is sufficient to allow a rich range of quantum
effects, although it falls short of the full power of quantum computation.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX. Expanded version of a plenary speech at the 1998
International Conference on Group Theoretic Methods in Physic
Adrift on the Sea of Indeterminacy
Today\u27s conflicts scholars no doubt consider themselves a diverse bunch, with widely differing views about how law should be chosen in multistate disputes. But from the trenches, most of them look alike. Each waxes eloquent about the search for the perfect solution-the most intellectually and morally satisfying choice of law for each dispute-and each ends the theorizing by embracing some proposition that will prove wholly indeterminate in practice
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