PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>correspond to marker numbers indicated in Table 1. M: 2-Log DNA Ladder (New England BioLabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA)

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>s database [34] and wheat UniGene data sets [43] in an interactive manner. To eliminate paralogous genes, Landmark Unique Gene loci (LUGs) were selected by pair-wise comparisons of the rice cDNA models [34]. TaEST-LUGs were selected as template loci for potential PLUG markers (see Methods). "Html1" and "Html2" are interactive interfaces where the target locus can be selected and primer picking conditions can be inputted, respectively

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>s database [34] and wheat UniGene data sets [43] in an interactive manner. To eliminate paralogous genes, Landmark Unique Gene loci (LUGs) were selected by pair-wise comparisons of the rice cDNA models [34]. TaEST-LUGs were selected as template loci for potential PLUG markers (see Methods). "Html1" and "Html2" are interactive interfaces where the target locus can be selected and primer picking conditions can be inputted, respectively

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>somic lines. A-C: 1% agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of Marker No. 12 (A), Marker No. 18 (B), and Marker No. 8 (C). D and E: 4% agarose gel electrophoresis of the I-digested products of Marker No. 18 (D) and III-digested products of Marker No. 8 (E)

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>, as reported by Gale and Devos (1998) [5] and Sorrells et al. (2003) [35], is shown in different colors for each rice chromosome and wheat chromosome group

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>, as reported by Gale and Devos (1998) [5] and Sorrells et al. (2003) [35], is shown in different colors for each rice chromosome and wheat chromosome group

Alteration of aluminum tolerance mediated by insertion of same transposable element at different sites in the upstream region of <i>HvAACT1</i> in Japanese barley accessions

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for crop production in acid soils. Barley is highly sensitive to Al, so the genetic improvement of its Al tolerance is required. However, useful breeding materials and genetic factors for improving its tolerance are remain largely unclear. Here, we compared the Al tolerance of ‘Minorimugi’ and ‘Fibersnow,’ both six-rowed hulled barley cultivars grown mainly in northern Japan, using relative root length (RRL) as an index, and found that Minorimugi had higher tolerance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the two cultivars detected a major QTL at the HvAACT1 (Al-ACTIVATED CITRATE TRANSPORTER 1) locus that explained approximately 36% of the variance. The PCR amplification analysis revealed a 1-kb transposable element (TE) insertion at −1.9 kb in the upstream region of HvAACT1 in Minorimugi that enhances HvAACT1 expression. The TE has the same nucleotide sequence as one previously found at −4.8 kb in the upstream region of HvAACT1 in ‘Murasakimochi,’ which is an Al tolerant cultivar. In the Japanese barley population, the Murasakimochi-type HvAACT1 upstream allele is shared mainly among barley accessions developed in the Shikoku area, while the Minorimugi-type allele is shared mainly among accessions developed in the Hokuriku and Nagano area. This geographic difference indicates that both alleles are shared among different subpopulations in Japanese barley, which may be advantageous for growth in acid soils. Our results provide information about a new allele of the HvAACT1 upstream region and potential breeding materials for improving the Al tolerance of barley.</p

Relationships between flour yield (FlYd) and flour efficiency (FlEf) (A), FlYd and median diameter of particles (x50) (B) and FlYd and specific surface area of particles (Sv) (C).

<p>Accessions could be classified into either soft or hard kernel types based on <i>Pina-D1</i>/<i>Pinb-D1</i> genotypes. Soft accessions have <i>Pina-D1a</i> and <i>Pinb-D1a</i>, while hard have <i>Pina-D1b</i> or <i>Pinb-D1b</i>.</p

Correlation coefficients among environments for flour yield (FlYd).

<p>Correlation coefficients among environments for flour yield (FlYd).</p

Linkage disequilibrium blocks around flour yield (FlYd) QTLs detected in this study.

a<p>Map information is based on SNP (Cavanagh et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111337#pone.0111337-Cavanagh1" target="_blank">[13]</a>) and DArT (Huang et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111337#pone.0111337-Huang1" target="_blank">[23]</a>) markers.</p>b<p>Presence (+) and absence (−) of LD block.</p><p>Linkage disequilibrium blocks around flour yield (FlYd) QTLs detected in this study.</p