58,957 research outputs found
The GL-l.u.st.\ constant and asymmetry of the Kalton-Peck twisted sum in finite dimensions
We prove that the Kalton-Peck twisted sum of -dimensional Hilbert
spaces has GL-l.u.st.\ constant of order and bounded GL constant. This
is the first concrete example which shows different explicit orders of growth
in the GL and GL-l.u.st.\ constants. We discuss also the asymmetry constants of
Transverse-Longitudinal Coupling by Space Charge in Cyclotrons
A method is presented that enables to compute the parameters of matched beams
with space charge in cyclotrons with emphasis on the effect of the
transverse-longitudinal coupling. Equations describing the
transverse-longitudinal coupling and corresponding tune-shifts in first order
are derived for the model of an azimuthally symmetric cyclotron. The
eigenellipsoid of the beam is calculated and the transfer matrix is transformed
into block-diagonal form. The influence of the slope of the phase curve on the
transverse-longitudinal coupling is accounted for. The results are generalized
and numerical procedures for the case of an AVF cyclotron are presented. The
algorithm is applied to the PSI Injector II and Ring cyclotron and the results
are compared to TRANSPORT.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
An investigation into the perspectives of providers and learners on MOOC accessibility
An effective open eLearning environment should consider the target learnerβs abilities, learning goals, where learning takes place, and which specific device(s) the learner uses. MOOC platforms struggle to take these factors into account and typically are not accessible, inhibiting access to environments that are intended to be open to all. A series of research initiatives are described that are intended to benefit MOOC providers in achieving greater accessibility and disabled learners to improve their lifelong learning and re-skilling. In this paper, we first outline the rationale, the research questions, and the methodology. The research approach includes interviews, online surveys and a MOOC accessibility audit; we also include factors such the risk management of the research programme and ethical considerations when conducting research with vulnerable learners. Preliminary results are presented from interviews with providers and experts and from analysis of surveys of learners. Finally, we outline the future research opportunities. This paper is framed within the context of the Doctoral Consortium organised at the TEEM'17 conference
Federations, Constitutions, and Political Bargaining
The paper studies a world where a region provides essential inputs for the successful implementation of a local public policy project with spill-overs, and where bargaining between different levels of government may ensure efficient decision making ex post. We ask whether the authority over the public policy measure should rest with the local government or be centralized, allowing financial relationships within the federation to be designed optimally. We show that centralization is always dominant when governments are benevolent, and that both governance structures are otherwise inefficient as long as political bargaining is disregarded. With bargaining, however, the first best can often be achieved under decentralization, but not under centralization. At the root of the result is the alignment of decision making over both essential inputs and final project size under decentralization.Federalism, Constitutions, Decentralization, Grants, Political Bargaining.
Exponential dynamical localization for the almost Mathieu operator
We prove that the exponential moments of the position operator stay bounded
for the supercritical almost Mathieu operator with Diophantine frequency
The modern technology of iron and steel production and possible ways of their development
Π ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π₯ΠΠ’Π§ (ΠΠΠ’Π‘H, Π‘anada) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π‘Π2 Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π° G-CAP β’ (ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΠΎΠΌ β ΠΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° Ρ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ), Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β En-MAPTM (ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π2. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ G-CAP β’ ΠΈ G-CAP β’ , ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ HATCH Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π2 Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈIn the changing global market scenario for raw materials for the steel industry, a number of novel iron and steelmaking process technologies are being developed to provide the steel companies with economically-sustainable alternatives for iron and steel-making. In addition, the steel industry is also focusing on reduction of energy consumption as well as green-house gas (GHG) emissions to address the crucial subject of climate change. Climate change is presenting new risks to the highly energy and carbon-intensive, iron and steel industry. The industry needs to focus on reduction of energy consumption as GHG emissions to address climate change. Development of alternate iron and steelmaking process technologies can provide steel companies with economically-sustainable alternatives for steel production. For managing climate change risks, novel modelling tools have been developed by Hatch to quantify and qualify potential energy savings and CO2 abatement within the iron and steel industry. The tool developed for abatement of greenhouse gas carbon is called G-CAPTM (Green-House Gas Carbon Abatement Process) while that developed for improving energy efficiency is called En-MAPTM (Energy Management Action Planning). Evaluation of existing operations have shown that most integrated plants have GHG and energy abatement opportunities; on the other hand, the best-in-class plants may not have a lot of low-risk abatement opportunities left, even at high CO2 price. In this context, it is important to assess these critical issues for the alternate iron and steelmaking technologies that have been developed. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of energy-efficiency and GHG emissions for some selected iron- and steelmaking technologies that are being considered for implementation. In this work, Hatchβs G-CAPβ’ and En-MAPβ’ tools that were developed with the main objective of quantifying and qualifying the potential energy savings and CO2 abatement within the iron and steel industry, were employed in the evaluation conducted
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