2,996 research outputs found
Hill's Spectral Curves and the Invariant Measure of the Periodic KdV Equation
This paper analyses the periodic spectrum of Schr\"odinger's equation
when the potential is real, periodic, random and subject to
the invariant measure of the periodic KdV equation. This
is the modified canonical ensemble, as given by Bourgain ({Comm.
Math. Phys.} {166} (1994), 1--26), and satisfies a logarithmic
Sobolev inequality. Associated concentration inequalities control the
fluctuations of the periodic eigenvalues . For small,
there exists a set of positive measure such that gives a sampling sequence
for Paley--Wiener space and the reproducing kernels give a Riesz
basis. Let be the tied spectrum; then
belongs to a Hilbert cube in and is distributed
according to a measure that satisfies Gaussian concentration for Lipschitz
functions. The sampling sequence arises from a
divisor on the spectral curve, which is hyperelliptic of infinite genus. The
linear statistics with test function satisfy Gaussian concentration inequalities.Comment: 34 page
Dust Abundance Variations in the Magellanic Clouds: Probing the Lifecycle of Metals with All-Sky Surveys
Observations and modeling suggest that the dust abundance (gas-to-dust ratio,
G/D) depends on (surface) density. The variations of the G/D provide
constraints on the timescales for the different processes involved in the
lifecycle of metals in galaxies. Recent G/D measurements based on Herschel data
suggest a factor 5---10 decrease in the dust abundance between the dense and
diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) in the Magellanic Clouds. However, the
relative nature of the Herschel measurements precludes definitive conclusions
on the magnitude of those variations. We investigate the variations of the dust
abundance in the LMC and SMC using all-sky far-infrared surveys, which do not
suffer from the limitations of Herschel on their zero-point calibration. We
stack the dust spectral energy distribution (SED) at 100, 350, 550, and 850
microns from IRAS and Planck in intervals of gas surface density, model the
stacked SEDs to derive the dust surface density, and constrain the relation
between G/D and gas surface density in the range 10---100 \Msu pc on
80 pc scales. We find that G/D decreases by factors of 3 (from 1500 to
500) in the LMC and 7 (from 1.5 to 2000) in the SMC between the
diffuse and dense ISM. The surface density dependence of G/D is consistent with
elemental depletions and with simple modeling of the accretion of gas-phase
metals onto dust grains. This result has important implications for the
sub-grid modeling of galaxy evolution, and for the calibration of dust-based
gas mass estimates, both locally and at high-redshift.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figure
Managing pregnancy in inflammatory rheumatological diseases
Historically, pregnancy in women with many inflammatory rheumatic diseases was not considered safe and was discouraged. Combined care allows these pregnancies to be managed optimally, with the majority of outcomes being favorable. Disease activity at the time of conception and anti-phospholipid antibodies are responsible for most complications. Disease flares, pre-eclampsia, and thrombosis are the main maternal complications, whereas fetal loss and intrauterine growth restriction are the main fetal complications. Antirheumatic drugs used during pregnancy and lactation to control disease activity are corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, sulphasalzine, and azathioprine. Vaginal delivery is possible in most circumstances, with cesarean section being reserved for complications
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