Field evaluation of the CATT/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense on blood-impregnated filter papers for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis in southern Sudan.

Most Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control programmes in areas endemic for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense rely on a strategy of active mass screening with the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT)/T. b. gambiense. We evaluated the performance, stability and reproducibility of the CATT/T. b. gambiense on blood-impregnated filter papers (CATT-FP) in Kajo-Keji County, South-Sudan, where some areas are inaccessible to mobile teams. The CATT-FP was performed with a group of 100 people with a positive CATT on whole blood including 17 confirmed HAT patients and the results were compared with the CATT on plasma (CATT-P). The CATT-FP was repeated on impregnated filter papers stored at ambient and refrigerated temperature for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Another 82 patients with HAT, including 78 with a positive parasitology, were tested with the CATT-FP and duplicate filter paper samples were sent to a reference laboratory to assess reproducibility. The CATT-FP was positive in 90 of 99 patients with HAT (sensitivity: 91%). It was less sensitive than the CATT-P (mean dilution difference: -2.5). There was no significant loss of sensitivity after storage for up to 14 days both at ambient and cool temperature. Reproducibility of the CATT-FP was found to be excellent (kappa: 0.84). The CATT-FP can therefore be recommended as a screening test for HAT in areas where the use of CATT-P is not possible. Further studies on larger population samples in different endemic foci are still needed before the CATT-FP can be recommended for universal use

Natural isotope tracers and water filiation in the vine ecosystem

International audienc

Natural isotope tracers and water filiation in the vine ecosystem

International audienc

A Convergent Continuous Multistep Process for the Preparation of C<inf>4</inf>-Oxime-Substituted Thiazoles

We report a strategy designed for the rapid and convergent assembly of C4-oxime substituted thiazoles. Our approach relied on 3-bromo-2-oxopropanal O-methyl oxime 7 as a key building block. A three-step sequence to 7 was designed, which for safety concerns, could only be operated in batch mode on limited scales (<< 100g). We describe herein how we addressed such a limitation, by designing a multistep continuous synthesis of this intermediate and further demonstrate the advantages of flow reactor configuration upon scaling up.Syngent

A Convergent Continuous Multistep Process for the Preparation of C₄‑Oxime-Substituted Thiazoles

We report a strategy designed for the rapid and convergent assembly of C₄-oxime substituted thiazoles. Our approach relied on 3-bromo-2-oxopropanal <i>O</i>-methyl oxime <b>7</b> as a key building block. A three-step sequence to <b>7</b> was designed, which, for safety concerns, could only be operated in batch mode on limited scales (≪100 g). We describe herein how we addressed such a limitation, by designing a multistep continuous synthesis of this intermediate and further demonstrate the advantages of flow reactor configuration upon scaling up