4,125 research outputs found
Dependence of the Energy Spectrum of UHE Cosmic Rays on the Latitude of an Extensive Air Shower Array
Several energy spectra of cosmic rays with energies E_0 \geq 10^17 eV
measured at the Yakutsk EAS, AGASA, Haverah Park, HiRes, Auger, and SUGAR
arrays are considered. It is shown that the fairly good mutual agreement of the
spectrum shapes can be achieved if the energy of each spectrum is multiplied by
a factor K specific for each spectrum. These factors exhibit a pronounced
dependence on the latitude of the above-mentioned arrays.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
On Testing Entropic Inequalities for Superconducting Qudit
The aim of this work is to verify the new entropic and information
inequalities for non-composite systems using experimental density
matrix of the qudit state, measured by the tomographic method in a multi-level
superconducting circuit. These inequalities are well-known for bipartite and
tripartite systems, but have never been tested for superconducting qudits.
Entropic inequalities can also be used to evaluate the accuracy of experimental
data and the value of mutual information, deduced from them, may charachterize
correlations between different degrees of freedom in a noncomposite system.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Muon content of ultra-high-energy air showers: Yakutsk data versus simulations
We analyse a sample of 33 extensive air showers (EAS) with estimated primary
energies above 2\cdot 10^{19} eV and high-quality muon data recorded by the
Yakutsk EAS array. We compare, event-by-event, the observed muon density to
that expected from CORSIKA simulations for primary protons and iron, using
SIBYLL and EPOS hadronic interaction models. The study suggests the presence of
two distinct hadronic components, ``light'' and ``heavy''. Simulations with
EPOS are in a good agreement with the expected composition in which the light
component corresponds to protons and the heavy component to iron-like nuclei.
With SYBILL, simulated muon densities for iron primaries are a factor of \sim
1.5 less than those observed for the heavy component, for the same
electromagnetic signal. Assuming two-component proton-iron composition and the
EPOS model, the fraction of protons with energies E>10^{19} eV is
0.52^{+0.19}_{-0.20} at 95% confidence level.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; v2: replaced with journal versio
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