Technical guidelines for the safe movement of cacao germplasm. Revised from the FAO/IPGRI Technical guidelines No. 20 (Fourth Update 2021).

The CacaoNet Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Cacao Germplasm provide updated information on the precautions and quarantine measures that can be taken to minimise the risk of spread of pests and diseases when cacao genetic resources are being moved for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. These Guidelines are based on those last published by FAO/IPGRI in 1999 but have been revised and expanded by a group of experts set up within CacaoNet (the Global Cacao Genetic Resources Network coordinated by Bioversity International), to take account of new knowledge of the pests and diseases, including their current distribution, and advances in detection techniques. These CacaoNet Guidelines were first published on-line in 2012 but have been revised in 2014, in 2017 and now in 2021 to take account of new information received. The document includes general advice regarding safe procedures to use when moving cacao germplasm, whether as seed, vegetative and tissue cultured materials, and summarised information on the geographical spread and risks posed by significant pests and diseases of cacao. In addition, experts have contributed sections giving detailed information on the following: Virus diseases (Cacao necrosis virus, Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV), Cacao Yellow mosaic virus), Fungal diseases (Witches’ broom disease, Moniliophthora pod rot, Phytophthora pod rot, Vascular streak die-back, Verticillium wilt, Ceratocystis wilt, Rosellinia root rot), Insect pests (Cocoa pod borer, mirids/capsids, mosquito bug, other insect pests) and nematodes. Each section contains information on physical symptoms, geographical distribution, biology of the pest or disease and recommended quarantine measures. The publication of these Guidelines has been supported by financial and in-kind contributions from Bioversity International, the CGIAR Research Programme on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, the Cocoa Research Association Ltd., UK (CRA Ltd., a UK-based organization managing scientific cocoa research on behalf of Mars Mondelēz International and the London Cocoa Trade NYSE-Liffe) and the University of Reading. CacaoNet has received additional financial support from Mars, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) and the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)

Technical guidelines for the safe movement of cacao germplasm. Revised from the FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No. 20 (Third Update, October 2017)

These guidelines describe technical procedures that minimize the risk of pest introductions with movement of cacao germplasm for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. The recommendations made in these guidelines are intended for small, specialized consignments used in research programmes, e.g. for collection, conservation and utilization for breeding of plant genetic resources. These guidelines are not meant for trade and commercial consignments concerning export and import of germplasm or cocoa beans. The conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources and their global distribution are essential components of research activities underpinning improvement programmes. Inevitably, the movement of germplasm involves a risk of accidentally introducing pests along with the host plant. To minimize such risks, preventive measures and effective testing procedures are required to ensure that distributed material is free of pests of potential phytosanitary importance. The international, and inter-regional, movement of germplasm for research, conservation and breeding requires complete and up to date information concerning the phytosanitary status of the plant germplasm. Relevant and current national regulatory information governing the export and importation of plant germplasm in countries is essential. This revision has been produced by the Safe Movement Working Group of CacaoNet. These reflect the consensus and knowledge of the specialists who have contributed to this revision but the information provided needs to be regularly updated. These CacaoNet Guidelines were first published on-line in 2012 but have been revised in 2014 and in 2017 to take account of new information received

Directrices tecnicas para el movimiento seguro del germoplasma del cacao. Version revisada de las Directrices Tecnicas de FAO/IPGRI No. 20 (Tercera actualizacion, Octubre de 2017)

These guidelines describe technical procedures that minimize the risk of pest introductions with movement of cacao germplasm for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. The recommendations made in these guidelines are intended for small, specialized consignments used in research programmes, e.g. for collection, conservation and utilization for breeding of plant genetic resources. These guidelines are not meant for trade and commercial consignments concerning export and import of germplasm or cocoa beans. The conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources and their global distribution are essential components of research activities underpinning improvement programmes. Inevitably, the movement of germplasm involves a risk of accidentally introducing pests along with the host plant. To minimize such risks, preventive measures and effective testing procedures are required to ensure that distributed material is free of pests of potential phytosanitary importance. The international, and inter-regional, movement of germplasm for research, conservation and breeding requires complete and up to date information concerning the phytosanitary status of the plant germplasm. Relevant and current national regulatory information governing the export and importation of plant germplasm in countries is essential. This revision has been produced by the Safe Movement Working Group of CacaoNet. These reflect the consensus and knowledge of the specialists who have contributed to this revision but the information provided needs to be regularly updated. These CacaoNet Guidelines were first published on-line in 2012 but have been revised in 2014 and in 2017 to take account of new information received

Guide technique pour les tranferts securises de materiel genetique de cacaoyer. Revision des Directives Techniques FAO/IPGRI No. 20 (Troisième édition, Octobre 2017)

These guidelines describe technical procedures that minimize the risk of pest introductions with movement of cacao germplasm for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. The recommendations made in these guidelines are intended for small, specialized consignments used in research programmes, e.g. for collection, conservation and utilization for breeding of plant genetic resources. These guidelines are not meant for trade and commercial consignments concerning export and import of germplasm or cocoa beans. The conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources and their global distribution are essential components of research activities underpinning improvement programmes. Inevitably, the movement of germplasm involves a risk of accidentally introducing pests along with the host plant. To minimize such risks, preventive measures and effective testing procedures are required to ensure that distributed material is free of pests of potential phytosanitary importance. The international, and inter-regional, movement of germplasm for research, conservation and breeding requires complete and up to date information concerning the phytosanitary status of the plant germplasm. Relevant and current national regulatory information governing the export and importation of plant germplasm in countries is essential. This revision has been produced by the Safe Movement Working Group of CacaoNet. These reflect the consensus and knowledge of the specialists who have contributed to this revision but the information provided needs to be regularly updated. These CacaoNet Guidelines were first published on-line in 2012 but have been revised in 2014 and in 2017 to take account of new information received

Technical guidelines for the safe movement of cacao germplasm

These guidelines describe technical procedures that minimize the risk of pest introductions with movement of cacao germplasm for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. The recommendations made in these guidelines are intended for small, specialized consignments used in research programmes, e.g. for collection, conservation and utilization for breeding of plant genetic resources. These guidelines are not meant for trade and commercial consignments concerning export and import of germplasm or cocoa beans. The conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources and their global distribution are essential components of research activities underpinning improvement programmes. Inevitably, the movement of germplasm involves a risk of accidentally introducing pests along with the host plant. To minimize such risks, preventive measures and effective testing procedures are required to ensure that distributed material is free of pests of potential phytosanitary importance. The international, and inter-regional, movement of germplasm for research, conservation and breeding requires complete and up to date information concerning the phytosanitary status of the plant germplasm. Relevant and current national regulatory information governing the export and importation of plant germplasm in countries is essential. This revision has been produced by the Safe Movement Working Group of CacaoNet. These reflect the consensus and knowledge of the specialists who have contributed to this revision but the information provided needs to be regularly updated. These CacaoNet Guidelines were first published on-line in 2012 but have been revised in 2014 and in 2017 to take account of new information received

Directrices técnicas para el movimiento seguro del germoplasma del cacao.: Versión revisada de las Directrices técnicas de FAO/IPGRI No. 20

Las Directrices Técnicas CacaoNet para el Movimiento Seguro de Germoplasma de Cacao contienen información actualizada sobre las medidas de precaución y cuarentenarias que se pueden tomar para minimizar el riesgo de introducir plagas y enfermedades cuando se traslada germoplasma de cacao para uso en investigación, fitomejoramiento, exploración o conservación. Estas Directrices, basadas en las publicadas en 1999 por la FAO y el IPGRI (hoy Bioversity International), han sido revisadas y ampliadas por un grupo de expertos establecido en el marco de CacaoNet (la Red Mundial de Recursos Genéticos de Cacao, coordinada por Bioversity International) para que reflejen los nuevos conocimientos sobre plagas y enfermedades que afectan el cacao, incluyendo su actual distribución, y los avances de las tecnologías para detectarlas. El documento incluye consejos generales sobre los procedimientos de seguridad que se deben utilizar cuando se transfiere material genético de cacao, ya sea como semillas, cultivo de tejidos o de la propia planta, e informaciones resumidas sobre la distribución geográfica de las plagas y enfermedades del cacao, y los riesgos relacionados con ellas. Los expertos han contribuido también a las secciones con información detallada sobre enfermedades ocasionadas por virus (necrosis del cacao, CSSV, virus del mosaico amarillo del cacao), hongos (escoba de bruja, moniliasis, Phytophtora, VSD, marchitamiento por Verticillium, mal de machete, podredumbre de la raíz por Rosellinia), plagas (barrenador de la mazorca, minadores de la corteza, míridos/cápsides, mosquitos, otros insectos) y nematodos. Cada sección contiene información sobre los síntomas, la distribución geográfica, la biología de la plaga o enfermedad y las medidas de cuarentena recomendadas.Estas Directrices CacaoNet, publicadas por primera vez en línea en 2012 y en inglés únicamente, se actualizaron en 2014. La nueva versión revisada está disponible en línea en inglés, francés y español. Las versiones impresas estarán disponibles muy pronto

Guide technique pour les tranferts sécurisés de matériel génétique de cacaoyer: Révision des directives techniques FAO/IPGRI No. 20

Le Guide technique pour les transferts sécurisés de matériel génétique de cacaoyer présente des informations à jour sur les précautions et les mesures de quarantaine permettant de minimiser le risque de propagation des ravageurs et des maladies lors des mouvements de matériel génétique pour la recherche, l'amélioration et la sélection végétales, l'exploration ou la conservation. Ces lignes directrices sont fondées sur celles publiées en 1999 par la FAO et l’IPGRI qui ont été révisées et amplifiées par un groupe d'experts mis en place dans le cadre de CacaoNet (le réseau mondial pour les ressources génétiques du cacao coordonné par Bioversity International) pour tenir compte des nouvelles connaissances sur les ravageurs et les maladies, y compris leur répartition actuelle et les progrès des techniques pour leur détection. Le document comprend des conseils généraux en ce qui concerne les procédures de sécurité à utiliser lors du transfert de matériel génétique de cacao, que ce soit sous forme de graines, de culture de tissus ou la plante elle-même, et des informations résumées sur la répartition géographique et les risques posés par des ravageurs et des maladies de cacao. En outre, les experts ont contribué aux sections donnant des informations détaillées sur les éléments suivants: maladies virales (nécrose du cacaoyer, CSSV, virus de la mosaïque jaune du cacaoyer), les maladies fongiques (maladie du balai de sorcière, Moniliose, Phytophthora, VSD, verticilliose, Mal de machete, pourridié à Rosellinia), insectes nuisibles (foreur des cabosses, cochenilles, mirides/capsides, moustiques, autres insectes ravageurs) et les nématodes. Chaque section contient des informations sur les symptômes physiques, la répartition géographique, la biologie du ravageur ou de la maladie et les mesures de quarantaine recommandées. Ce guide technique a d'abord été publié en ligne (seulement en anglais) en 2012, mais a été révisé en 2014 pour tenir compte des nouvelles informations reçues. Cette dernière version est consultable en ligne en anglais, français et espagnol et les versions imprimées seront bientôt disponibles