4,723 research outputs found
With All Due Modesty: The Selected Letters of Fanny Goldstein
With All Due Modesty: The Selected Letters of Fanny Goldstein is an annotated edition of the correspondence of Fanny Goldstein (1895ā1961), librarian, social activist, and founder of Jewish Book Week. Goldsteinās accomplishments include building a significant collection of Judaica for the Boston Public Library; compiling some of the earliest bibliographies of Jewish literature in English; evaluating manuscripts for publishers; writing book reviews; and lecturing and writing on a wide range of subjects related to Jews and Judaism. The purpose of the edition is to provide a picture of Goldsteinās life as a Jew, a woman, a librarian, and a social activist and in so doing, to contribute to a more complete understanding of Bostonās Jewish community in the first half of the twentieth century. I have included in the edition both incoming and outgoing letters with a wide range of correspondents, including Charles Angoff, Mary Antin, Isaac Asimov, Alice Stone Blackwell, Felix Frankfurter, Molly Picon, Ellery Sedgwick, and Friderike Zweig. The letters span the years from 1930 to 1960.
The edition includes extensive annotation based on Goldsteinās newspaper and magazine articles, pamphlets, book reviews, and other writings; hundreds of Goldsteinās letters not published here; accounts published in the Jewish press and the mainstream press; and correspondence neither written nor received by Goldstein but bearing on her life and work
Informal Disaster Governance
Scholars and practitioners are increasingly questioning formal disaster governance (FDG) approaches as being too rigid, slow, and command-and-control driven. Too often, local realities and non-formal influences are sidelined or ignored to the extent that disaster governance can be harmed through the efforts to impose formal and/or political structures. A contrasting narrative emphasises so-called bottom-up, local, and/or participatory approaches which this article proposes to encapsulate as Informal Disaster Governance (IDG). This article theorises IDG and situates it within the long-standing albeit limited literature on the topic, paying particular attention to the literatureās failure to properly define informal disaster risk reduction and response efforts, to conceptualise their far-reaching extent and consequences, and to consider their ādark sides.ā By presenting IDG as a framework, this article restores the conceptual importance and balance of IDG vis-Ć -vis FDG, paving the way for a better understanding of the ācompleteā picture of disaster governance. This framework is then considered in a location where IDG might be expected to be more powerful or obvious, namely in a smaller, more isolated, and tightly knit community, characteristics which are stereotypically used to describe island locations. Thus, Svalbard in the Arctic has been chosen as a case study, including its handling of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, to explore the merits and challenges with shifting the politics of disaster governance towards IDG
Does religion make a difference? : assessing the effects of Christian affiliation and practice on marital solidarity and divorce in Britain, 1985-2005
Marital breakdown rates were examined among 15,714 adults from the British Social Attitudes dataset for 1985-2005. Separation and divorce peaked at around 50 years of age, and increased significantly over the period of study. Ratios of separation or divorce were compared between respondents who had no religious affiliation and (a) Christian affiliates who attended church at least once a month, (b) Christian affiliates who attended church, but less than once a month, and (c) Christian affiliates who never attended church. The results showed that active Christians were 1.5 times less likely to suffer marital breakdown than non-affiliates, but there was no difference between affiliates who never attended church and those of no religion. Christians who attended infrequently were 1.3 times less likely to suffer marital breakdown compared to non-affiliates, suggesting that even infrequent attendance at church may have some significance for predicting the persistence of martial solidarity
Ambivalence toward men: comparing sexism among Polish, South African and British university students
This study extends the literature on attitudes toward gender roles by exploring whether the nature of sexism (i.e., benevolence and hostility directed at men) differs among university students from two under-researched countries, Poland (nā=ā190) and South Africa (nā=ā188), in a comparison with students in the United Kingdom (nā=ā166). Based on empirical literature applying Ambivalent Sexism Theory, and in the light of the socio-political context, it was hypothesized that: (1) both hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men in Poland would be more liberal than in South Africa and more conservative than in the United Kingdom, and (2), women would exhibit more hostile but less benevolent attitudes than men in relatively more conservative South Africa. The Ambivalence to Men Inventory was used to measure the two types of sexist attitudes about men. Findings supported the first hypothesis for hostile attitudes and partially for benevolent attitudes. South African and Polish students were more benevolent and hostile to men than British students, and students from South Africa were more hostile than those from Poland. Moreover, as predicted, a significant country-by-gender interaction revealed that South African women had more hostile and less benevolent attitudes to men than South African men. No such gender gap was present in the case of hostile attitudes in Poland and benevolent attitudes in the United Kingdom. Findings are discussed in terms of Ambivalent Sexism Theory and the countriesā socio-cultural context
PPAR-Ī³ Thiazolidinedione Agonists and Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Brain Tumors
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are selective agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, a transcription factor belonging to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. Although activation of PPARĪ³ by TZDs has been best characterized by its ability to regulate expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, PPARĪ³ agonists have other physiological effects including modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression and inducing apoptosis in several cell types including glioma cells and cell lines. Immunotherapeutic approaches to reducing brain tumors are focused on means to reduce the immunosuppressive responses of tumors which dampen the ability of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to kill tumors. Initial studies from our lab show that combination of an immunotherapeutic strategy with TZD treatment provides synergistic benefit in animals with implanted tumors. The potential of this combined approach for treatment of brain tumors is reviewed in this report
Increased TCR Avidity after T Cell Activation A Mechanism for Sensing Low-Density Antigen
AbstractWhile activated T cells are known to have enhanced biological responses to antigen stimulation, the biophysical basis of this increased sensitivity remains unknown. Here, we show that, on activated T cells, the TCR avidity for peptide-MHC complexes is 20- to 50-fold higher than the TCR avidity of naive T cells. This increased avidity for peptide-MHC depends on TCR reorganization and is sensitive to the cholesterol content of the T cell membrane. Analysis of the binding data indicates the enhanced avidity is due to increases in cross-linking of TCR on activated T cells. Activation-induced membrane (AIM) changes in TCR avidity represent a previously unrecognized means of increasing the sensitivity of activated T cells to small amounts of antigen in the periphery
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