Lesión quística calcificada periféricamente en el biceps femoral de un perro

Un perro pastor alemán macho de 7 meses de edad se presentó a consulta por la aparición de un abultamiento marcado en los músculos flexores de la extremidad posterior derecha. El estado general era normal y no había otros síntomas. A la palpación había dolor moderado, la masa estaba bien delimitada y tenía consistencia blanda pero con cierta tensión que sugería la existencia de una cavidad rellena de líquido o gas. Se sospechó de un origen traumático y se trató inicialmente con prednisona, a dosis antiinflamatoria, y diuréticos. Después de cinco días el tamaño de la lesión no se había reducido y una biopsia con aguja fina obtuvo un exuda do serohemorrágico. Se colocó un drenaje penrose y se realizaron varias biopsias para histopatología. Microscópicamente la lesión estaba formada por tejido fibroso aparentemente aséptico. Un examen radiográfico posterior demostró la presencia de calcificación periférica

Enfermedades por inmunosupresión asociadas al virus de la leucemia felina

Este trabajo trata de resaltar la importancia del síndrome de inmunosupresión/mielosupresión inducido por el virus de la leucemia felina (FeLV), frente a la patología tumoral más característica y divulgada. Se realiza una revisión de las principales enfermedades asociadas a este síndrome citosupresivo, diagnosticándose por primera vez la asociación clínica de coccidiosis (Cystoisospora felis) y de FeLV en una colonia de gatos afectados porFeLV. Finalmente, se comentan los aspectos más destacados del tratamiento y prevención de esta importante virosis felinaThe aim of this work is to highlight the clinical relevance of the immunosupressive/myelosupressive syndrome induced by the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) as oposed to the better known and reported tumoral pathology. The main diseases associated to this cytosupressive syndrome are revised, reporting for the first time the clinical association between FeLV and feline coccidiosis (Cystoisospora felis) in a FeLV affected cattery. Finally, we comment on the more relevant aspects about treatment and prevention of this major feline virosis

The immunopathology of canine vector-borne diseases

The canine vector-borne infectious diseases (CVBDs) are an emerging problem in veterinary medicine and the zoonotic potential of many of these agents is a significant consideration for human health. The successful diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these infections is dependent upon firm understanding of the underlying immunopathology of the diseases in which there are unique tripartite interactions between the microorganism, the vector and the host immune system. Although significant advances have been made in the areas of molecular speciation and the epidemiology of these infections and their vectors, basic knowledge of the pathology and immunology of the diseases has lagged behind. This review summarizes recent studies of the pathology and host immune response in the major CVBDs (leishmaniosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis, anaplasmosis, bartonellosis and borreliosis). The ultimate application of such immunological investigation is the development of effective vaccines. The current commercially available vaccines for canine leishmaniosis, babesiosis and borreliosis are reviewed

Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in non-obese and obese patients. An analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 cohort studies

Aims We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006 and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results 45,615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14,202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria, and 17,216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44,620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese (hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% CI, 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively) and non-obese individuals (HR: 2.11 [95% CI 1.85-2.40] and 1.7 [95% CI, 1.56-1.85] according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria respectively). Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS (HR: 1.16 [95% CI 1.10-1.23] and HR: 1.22 [95%CI 1.15-1.30], respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied). Conclusions MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure

BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. More evidence is needed regarding the effects of these drugs in patients across the broad spectrum of heart failure, including those with a markedly reduced ejection fraction. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 3730 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure. RESULTS During a median of 16 months, a primary outcome event occurred in 361 of 1863 patients (19.4%) in the empagliflozin group and in 462 of 1867 patients (24.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.86; P<0.001). The effect of empagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. The total number of hospitalizations for heart failure was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85; P<0.001). The annual rate of decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was slower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (-0.55 vs. -2.28 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area per year, P<0.001), and empagliflozin-treated patients had a lower risk of serious renal outcomes. Uncomplicated genital tract infection was reported more frequently with empagliflozin. CONCLUSIONS Among patients receiving recommended therapy for heart failure, those in the empagliflozin group had a lower risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure than those in the placebo group, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes