Effects of ventilation with 8 mL/kg in LPS- or placebo-pretreated rats on systemic inflammation.

<p>Plasma concentrations of pro-(A: TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (B: IL-10) cytokines in placebo- and LPS-treated spontaneously breathing (SP) and mechanically ventilated (MV, 8 mL/kg) rats. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 8–9 animals per group. * indicates p<0.05 between placebo- and LPS-treated groups (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test). There were no differences between the placebo-SP and placebo-MV or the LPS-SP and LPS-MV groups.</p

Effects of ventilation with 15 mL/kg in LPS- or placebo-pretreated rats, and vagus nerve stimulation/vagotomy on pulmonary inflammation.

<p>A: Pulmonary concentrations of TNF-α in placebo- and LPS-treated spontaneously breathing (SP) and mechanically ventilated (MV, 8 or 15 mL/kg) rats. B: Pulmonary concentrations of TNF-α in LPS-treated spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated (15 mL/kg) rats that underwent a sham operation (SHAM), bilateral vagotomy (VGX) or vagus nerve stimulation (STM). Pulmonary cytokine levels are normalized to the total amount of protein in each lung homogenate. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 6–8 animals per group. * indicates p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.</p

Cardiorespiratory parameters in LPS-treated (10 mg/kg) spontaneously breathing rats that underwent a sham operation, vagotomy, or vagus nerve stimulation.

<p>LPS administered at T = −1. MAP: mean arterial pressure, SHAM: sham operation, VGX: vagotomy, STM: vagus nerve stimulation. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 6 animals per group. Superscript character pairs indicate p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.</p

Experimental procedures.

<p>Experimental procedures.</p

Cardiorespiratory parameters in placebo and LPS-treated (10 mg/kg) sham-operated rats ventilated with 15 ml/kg or left breathing spontaneously.

<p>LPS/placebo administered at T = −1, mechanical ventilation (MV) started at T = 0. MAP: mean arterial pressure, SP: spontaneously breathing. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 6 animals per group. Superscript character pairs indicate p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.</p

Effects of ventilation with 8 mL/kg in LPS- or placebo-pretreated rats on pulmonary inflammation.

<p>Pulmonary concentrations of pro-(A: TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (B: IL-10) cytokines in placebo- and LPS-treated spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated (MV, 8 mL/kg) rats. Pulmonary cytokine levels are normalized to the total amount of protein in each lung homogenate. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 8–9 animals per group. * indicates p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.</p

Additional file 2: of Effectiveness of deep versus moderate muscle relaxation during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in enhancing postoperative recovery: study protocol for a randomized controlled study

SPIRIT figure. (DOC 55 kb