RATOS ESPONTANEAMENTE HIPERTENSOS E NEUROPATIAS PERIFÉRICAS

Modelo do Estudo: O presente estudo é uma revisão de literatura sobre o modelo de hipertensão espontânea e as conseqüências da hipertensão para o sistema nervoso periférico, somático e autonômico. Importância do problema: Hipertensão é o principal fator de risco para acidente vascular cerebral e demência vascular, por causar importantes mudanças cerebrovasculares, tornando o cérebro propenso a infartos, microaneurismas e isquemias. As principais mudanças causadas no sistema nervoso central (SNC) pela hipertensão, incluem: diminuição do volume cerebral, aumento no volume dos ventrículos e perda neuronal. Além das alterações no cérebro, a hipertens ão causa outros danos que culminam em uma série de alterações patológicas renais e outras doenças, as quais sustentam a elevação da pressão arterial, aumento da freqüência cardíaca, e aumento da resistência vascular periférica. O rato espontaneamente hipertenso (SHR) é reconhecido como um excelente modelo de hipertensão experimental e pode servir como modelo de estudos clínicos da hipertensão essencial humana. Embora esse modelo tenha sido bastante explorado em termos fisiológicos, estudos morfológicos, quando presentes, se limitam aos vasos. Mesmo quando nervos periféricos foram estudados morfologicamente nesses animais, os vasos epineurais, perineurais e endoneurais foram o alvo do estudo. Raros são os estudos que envolvem as fibras nervosas nesse modelo de hipertensão. Comentários: Recentemente, estudamos as alterações do nervo depressor aórtico (NDA) em SHR. Nossos resultados mostraram redução do tamanho das fibras mielínicas e redução do tamanho e número das fibras amielínicas, comparados aos controles normotensos da linhagem Wistar-Kyoto. Outro estudo recente do nosso laboratório mostrou que, embora os níveis pressóricos dos SHR machos, bem como a freqüência cardíaca, sejam muito superiores aos das fêmeas, não há diferença morfológica nos nervos vagos cervicais entre SHR machos e fêmeas. Ainda, fazemos uma descrição morfológica e morfométrica do nervo sural de SHR, fornecendo parâmetros morfológicos para posteriores estudos funcionais.    Type of the study: The present study is a literature review about the spontaneous hypertension animal model, and the consequences of the hypertension to the peripheral nervous system, somatic and autonomic. Importance of the topic: Hypertension is the main risk factor to stroke and vascular dementia, due to important cerebrovascular changes that may lead to cerebral microaneurysms, infarction and acute ischemia. The main central nervous system changes due to hypertension are the reduction of the cerebral volume, increase of the ventricles volume and loss of neurons. Moreover, hypertension causes renal alterations and other pathologies that might sustain the high blood pressure, the tachycardia and the elevation of the peripheral vascular resistance. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is recognized as an excellent model of the human essential hypertension. Nevertheless, despite that this animal model has been widely explored in terms ofphysiological studies, morphological studies, when available, are limited to the vessels. Even when periphera  nerves are being explored, the epineural, perineural and endoneural vessels are the subject of the studies. Information on the alterations of the myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in this model of hypertension is scanty. Comments: Recently, we studied the morphology and morphometry of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) in SHR and our results have demonstrated a reduction of the myelinated fibers size and a reduction of the number and size of the unmyelinated fibers, compared to the normotensive controls Wistar-Kyoto. Another recent study from our laboratory showed that, despite the significantly higher blood pressure and heart rate on male SHR, compared to female SHR, there are no morphological differences on the vagus nerves between males and females. Also, we have described the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the sural nerve in SHR, thus providing morphological background for further functional studies.   

patrimonio intelectual

Actas de congresoLas VI Jornadas se realizaron con la exposición de ponencias que se incluyeron en cuatro ejes temáticos, que se desarrollaron de modo sucesivo para facilitar la asistencia, el intercambio y el debate, distribuidos en tres jornadas. Los ejes temáticos abordados fueron: 1. La enseñanza como proyecto de investigación. Recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como mejoras de la calidad educativa. 2. La experimentación como proyecto de investigación. Del ensayo a la aplicabilidad territorial, urbana, arquitectónica y de diseño industrial. 3. Tiempo y espacio como proyecto de investigación. Sentido, destino y usos del patrimonio construido y simbólico. 4. Idea constructiva, formulación y ejecución como proyecto de investigación. Búsqueda y elaboración de resultados que conforman los proyectos de la arquitectura y el diseño

Compound Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease may determine unusual and milder phenotypes

Compound forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease have been recently associated with unusually severe neuropathies, an observation that prompted the proposition that the additive effects of two mutations should be searched in patients whose clinical severity falls outside the common CMT phenotypes. In this report, we present a father and a daughter with a very mild and unusual disease that segregates with two mutations in PMP22 gene, the 17p11.2-p12 duplication and a Ser72Leu point mutation. We propose that the deleterious effects of each mutation are partially compensated by the functional effect of the other.CNPqFAPESP, Brazi

Expanding the differential diagnosis of inherited neuropathies with non-uniform conduction: Andermann syndrome

Uniform conduction slowing has been considered a characteristic of inherited demyelinating neuropathies. We present an 18-year-old girl, born from first cousins, that presented a late motor and psychological development, cerebellar ataxia, facial diplegia, abnormal eye movement, scoliosis, and corpus callosum agenesis, whose compound muscle action potentials were slowed and dispersed. A mutation was found on KCC3 gene, confirming Andermann syndrome, a disease that must be included in the differential diagnosis of inherited neuropathies with non-uniform conduction slowing.FAPESP [2006/05036-0]CNPq [306916/2006]CAPESINCT Translational Medicine [573671/2008-7]FAEPA (Brazil

Effect on adhesion of a nanocapsules-loaded adhesive system

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the in situ degree of conversion, contact angle, and immediate and long-term bond strengths of a commercial primer and an experimental adhesive containing indomethacin- and triclosan-loaded nanocapsules (NCs). The indomethacin- and triclosan-loaded NCs, which promote anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects through controlled release, were incorporated into the primer at a concentration of 2% and in the adhesive at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and 10%. The in situ degree of conversion (DC, n=3) was evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The contact angle of the primer and adhesive on the dentin surface (n = 3) was determined by an optical tensiometer. For the microtensile bond strength µTBS test (12 teeth per group), stick-shaped specimens were tested under tensile stress immediately after preparation and after storage in water for 1 year. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests with α=0.05. The use of the NC-loaded adhesive resulted in a higher in situ degree of conversion. The DC values varied from 75.07 ± 8.83% to 96.18 ± 0.87%. The use of NCs in only the adhesive up to a concentration of 5% had no influence on the bond strength. The contact angle of the primer remained the same with and without NCs. The use of both the primer and adhesive with NCs (for all concentrations) resulted in a higher contact angle of the adhesive. The longitudinal μTBS was inversely proportional to the concentration of NCs in the adhesive system, exhibiting decreasing values for the groups with primer containing NCs and adhesives with increasing concentrations of NCs. Adhesives containing up to 5% of nanocapsules and primer with no NCs maintained the in situ degree of conversion, contact angle, and immediate and long-term bond strengths. Therefore, the NC-loaded adhesive can be an alternative method for combining the bond performance and therapeutic effects. The use of an adhesive with up to 5% nanocapsules containing indomethacin and triclosan and a primer with no nanocapsules maintained the long-term bond performance

patrimonio intelectual

Actas de congresoLas VI Jornadas se realizaron con la exposición de ponencias que se incluyeron en cuatro ejes temáticos, que se desarrollaron de modo sucesivo para facilitar la asistencia, el intercambio y el debate, distribuidos en tres jornadas. Los ejes temáticos abordados fueron: 1. La enseñanza como proyecto de investigación. Recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como mejoras de la calidad educativa. 2. La experimentación como proyecto de investigación. Del ensayo a la aplicabilidad territorial, urbana, arquitectónica y de diseño industrial. 3. Tiempo y espacio como proyecto de investigación. Sentido, destino y usos del patrimonio construido y simbólico. 4. Idea constructiva, formulación y ejecución como proyecto de investigación. Búsqueda y elaboración de resultados que conforman los proyectos de la arquitectura y el diseño