Anterior bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation: an emergency presentation

Anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) though an infrequent presentation at the emergency department; often demands an immediate reduction to relieve discomfort and prevent adverse long-term sequelae. A simple and effective technique to reduce the dislocation is successfully demonstrated by putting the operator\u27s thumbs over the molar teeth of the patient and pushing the dislocated jaw downward and backward. We report the case of a patient who presented at our accident and emergency department with bilateral anterior TMJ dislocation and was successfully reduced with this simple technique

Ectopic molar in the maxillary antrum presenting as recurrent maxillary sinusitis and halitosis

Ectopic eruption of teeth into the maxillary sinus is a rare phenomenon and can present in a variety of ways such as chronic or recurrent sinusitis, sepsis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, headaches, osteomeatal complex and halitosis. However most cases are asymptomatic and are only discovered by chance especially through panoramic A case of a 29 year old female who presented with a 5 year history of chronic sinusitis and halitosis radiography who had done several periapical x-rays and had used various antibiotics to no effect. An ectopic tooth was discovered through an OPG and with removal of the tooth all symptoms subsided

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease): Report of a case in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare, benign disease of unknown aetiology. This disease typically presents with massive, painless cervical lymphadenopathy but may occur in a wide variety of extranodal sites. This report describes a 43-year old man with a left submandibular swelling and left lateral cervical lymphadenopathy clinically suggestive of a malignancy. Initial cytological examination of a fine needle aspirate specimen taken from the mass suggested a chronic granulomatous inflammatory lesion. A definitive diagnosis of SHML was however made only after excisional biopsy of the lesion. The patient was followed up for 6 months and no recurrence of the lesion was observed. SHML may be considered a rare lesion among Nigerians. Knowledge of its clinical presentation with understanding of the differentials diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary intervention. The diagnosis can be made from FNAC, histopathology and immune-histochemistry. There is no ideal protocol for the treatment. Follow-up is however necessary to detect relapses

Mandibular reconstruction: a new defect classification system

This paper presents a new mandibular segmental defect classification system (La-Co-CE) with a view to highlight the complexity and difficulty of the reconstruction with free autogenous bone grafts which the most frequently used method for surgeons practicing in developing countries. We submit that defect classification systems will continue to remain relevant if surgeons are to is pre-operatively classify the envisaged operative difficulty and objectively compare the outcome postoperatively

Effect of age, impaction types and operative time on inflammatory tissue reactions following lower third molar surgery

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Postoperative mobidity following third molar surgery is affected by a number of factors. The study of these factors is essential for effective planning and limitation of morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age, type of impaction and operative time on immediate postoperative tissue reactions following mandibular third molar surgery.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Consecutive patients with impacted mandibular third molar teeth were studied. All the third molars were classified according to Winter's classification. Surgical extraction was performed on all the patients by a single surgeon under local anaesthesia. The operation time was determined by the time lapse between incision and completion of suturing. Postoperative pain, swelling and trismus were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 120 patients with an age range of 19-42 years. Patients in the age range of 35-42 years recorded a lower pain score (p = 0.5) on day 1. The mouth opening was much better in the lower age group on day 2 and 5 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.01 respectively). Pain, swelling and trismus increased with increasing operative time. Distoangular impaction was significantly associated with higher VAS score on day 1 and 2 (p = 0.01, 0.0, 04). Distoangular and horizontal impaction are associated with a higher degree of swelling and reduced mouth opening on postoperative review days. Vertical impaction was associated with the least degree of facial swelling and best mouth opening.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Increasing operating time and advancing age are associated with more postoperative morbidity, likewise distoangular and horizontal impaction types.</p

Clinical options for mandibular reconstruction: A review

This paper reviewed the different clinical options for reconstruction of segmental defects of the mandible. The options reviewed included no reconstruction; the use of prosthetic implants (alloplasts); autogenous bone grafts; combination of allopplasts with autografts; free pedicled compound grafts;combination of homografts and autografts; distraction osteogenesis; and tissue engineering. The goal, objectives, criteria for success of autogenous and alloplastic reconstructions were highlighted as well as the factors that may influence the choice of a particular method

Congenital granula cell tumour: report of a case

Congenital granular cell tumour of the newborn is an uncommon benign tumour of uncertain origin. Mostly, it occurs as a single tumour but rarely as multiple. The lesion arises from the mucosa of the gingiva either from maxillary or mandibular alveolar ridge. This paper reports a three-day old female patient who presented at the dental centre of General Hospital, Lagos with a pedunculated soft tissue mass arising from the incisal region of the maxillary alveolar ridge. The lesion was excised under local anasthaesia when the baby was four days old. Microscopic examination of the lesion showed stratified squamous epithelium overlying sheets of large polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm and a diagnosis was congenital granular cell tumour. In view of the fact that cases reported in the scientific literature are not too many, there is justification for report of this case and reports of more cases are recommended

The Distribution Of Hair On The Phalanges Of A Sample Population Of Nigerian Yorubas In Relation To Sex, Age And Job Type

Five hundred adults aged between 18 - 35 years were used for the study. The aim of this study was to provide a reference document for Nigerians on the distribution of phalangeal hair using a sample population of Yorubas resident in Ilorin and to assess the effect of job type, age and sex hair distribution. With the help of a hand lens, the pattern and frequency of hair distribution on the proximal, intermediate and distal were randomly chosen from the population. Proximal phalangeal hair was absent in 10 (2%) individuals who were all males. The highest frequency distribution (51%) was found on the 2-3-4-5, digits of proximal phalanges (26% in males and 25% females) while the least (1%) was the 3-5; 1-2-3-5 digital pattern. It was observed that the frequency of middle phalangeal hair was low (1%). Females had less phalangeal hair. Hair was absent on the distal phalanges. Distribution is similar to other populations reported. Age was not a factor in the distribution but individual's job type and sex had effect on hair distribution. Hence people engaged in wet work should wear gloves