23 research outputs found
Effet de la prĂ©sence des orangers sur la production et la rentabilitĂ© financiĂšre de lâananas au sud du BĂ©nin
La principale caractĂ©ristique de lâananas est dâĂȘtre adaptĂ© Ă des pluviositĂ©s beaucoup plus faibles que de nombreuses espĂšces ayant un intĂ©rĂȘt agricole. A ce titre il peut prĂ©senter un intĂ©rĂȘt particulier pour la valorisation des rĂ©gions pauvres ou la mise en valeur des tropiques semi arides. Mais depuis lâintroduction de la culture intensive de lâananas, qui est devenue une spĂ©cialitĂ© dans le dĂ©partement de lâAtlantique en 1995, les grands Ă©quilibres Ă©cologiques sont rompus. A la recherche de la lumiĂšre pour lâananas tous les arbres ont Ă©tĂ© essouchĂ©s. Seuls certains producteurs soucieux de sauvegarder leurs arbres fruitiers essaient des modĂšles dâassociation arbres-ananas. Lâobjectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude est de mesurer lâinfluence de la prĂ©sence des arbres sur le rendement et la qualitĂ© des fruits de lâananas dans les exploitations actuelles. La recherche a Ă©tĂ© faite auprĂšs de 21 plantations dâananas, variĂ©tĂ© Cayenne lisse, de huit Ă dix mois dâĂąge au moins et des orangers en production ou ĂągĂ©s de 6 ans au minimum. Le dispositif adoptĂ© est constituĂ© de deux placeaux circulaires de diamĂštre Ă©gal Ă deux fois la hauteur (H) des orangers prĂ©sents dans les champs. Les placeaux qui portent des orangers ont constituĂ© le traitement (T1) et ceux qui sont sans influence dâombrage sont les tĂ©moins (T0). Les deux placeaux sont distants de deux fois la hauteur de lâoranger identifiĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les rendements des fruits dâananas ont Ă©tĂ© de 22% meilleurs sur les parcelles sans influence dâorangers. De mĂȘme la prĂ©sence dâorangers ont Ă©tĂ© dans plusieurs cas favorable Ă lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© du fruit de lâananas en gĂ©nĂ©ral et au taux de sucre en particulier. Le taux de sucre moyen a Ă©tĂ© de 14° Brix (CV= 8,12) et de 15° Brix (CV= 7,21%) contre une moyenne de 12° Brix (CV=35%) sur les parcelles fortement ensoleillĂ©es. Une analyse financiĂšre a fait ressortir que les parcelles dâassociation ananas et arbres ont Ă©tĂ© plus rentables Ă moyen et long terme. En adoptant une densitĂ© dâarbres raisonnable (deux hauteurs x deux hauteurs), le rendement en fruits dâananas nâest pas affectĂ© et la qualitĂ© des fruits pourrait ĂȘtre meilleure.Mots clĂ©s : Ananas, agroforesterie, BĂ©nin, changements climatiques
Evaluation of vitamin B1 status of alcoholic subjects in Abidjan (CĂŽte d'Ivoire)
Given the clinical importance of free thiamine and its esters on the essential human organs, their determination seems necessary to appreciate vitamin B1 status in physiological and pathological states of local populations. The present preliminary study describes a method of analysis of free thiamine and its phosphate esters: thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate by reverse phase liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection. Validation tests were applied to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The results indicated that the chromatographic system was suitable for chromatographic analysis of free thiamine and its esters in whole. Thus, the method was applied to whole blood samples of 35 alcoholic patients under alcoholic detoxification cure in Abidjan. The results of the application showed that 100% of the alcoholicsubjects presented a total thiamine concentration under the accepted norm of 20μg.L-1. Before the cure at Day 0, 74,28% of the subjects presented a severe deficiency. After 30 days, all of the subjects still presented a marginal status of vitamin B1. Thiamine supplementation included in the alcoholic detoxification cure seems to improve its status. However, it seems that the latter should be of sufficient duration to ensure the return to an effective normal vitamin B1 status.Keywords : Vitamin B1, liquid chromatography, whole blood, alcoholic patients, alcoholic detoxification cure,Abidjan
Rubber Production, Utilization and Growth Trends in Nigeria (1974-2020): Implications for Climate Change
The rubber sub-sector in Nigeria is an indispensable component of contemporary agriculture and economy, providing a host of non-food products that include strategically vital products used in both domestic and critical health care settings. With crude oil contributing about 70% of Nigeria's GDP, other sectors have not fared well especially due to negligence. This study investigates how the rubber sub-sector has fared, with particular reference to rubber production and potential growth across the time span of the study period (1974-2020). Data for the study was collected from the publication of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Bureau of Statistics (MBS), and Nigeria Meteorological Centre (NIMET). The trend analysis, correlation and mean equality test (using the z-test) where employed in analyzing the data. The doubling and compound time growth rates were also computed. The trend results show that the estimated coefficient of the time variable was a major factor in determining quantity of rubber export and production within the time frame. Thus, quantity of rubber exported increased with time. Again, the growth rate of 19.1% for rubber production and 18.2% for rubber exports implies that the production and exportation of rubber in Nigeria increased at instantaneous levels (at a point in time). The findings further revealed a positive correlation between rubber production, exportation and climate change variables. A significant difference of (t=5.065) existed in the mean quantity of rubber production and exports within the period under review indicating that the mean quantity of rubber production was more than the exported quantity within the study period. The results of this study will therefore serve as tool to share essential information on rubber, refocus attention on the prospects of rubber production and unravel its potential for boosting the Nigerian economy. In particular, the findings will offer an opportunity for proffering lasting solutions to the unemployment situation of the country
Mecanismes et etiologies des insuffisances mitrales primaires severes a lâinstitut de cardiologie dâAbidjan
Introduction : Les insuffisances mitrales primaires sont frĂ©quentes dans notre contexte. La prise en charge dĂ©pend de sa sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© mais aussi du mĂ©canisme et de lâĂ©tiologie. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer les mĂ©canismes et les Ă©tiologies des insuffisances mitrales primaires sĂ©vĂšres Ă lâInstitut de Cardiologie dâAbidjan en CĂŽte dâIvoire.MĂ©thodologie : Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude prospective, transversale et analytique dans le service des explorations externes de lâInstitut de Cardiologie dâAbidjan (ICA) du 01 janvier 2018 au 30 Octobre 2019.RĂ©sultats : 214 patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâun screening Ă©chocardiographique transthoracique soit 1.9% des Ă©chocardiographies transthoraciques rĂ©alisĂ©es dans la pĂ©riode dâĂ©tude. La prĂ©valence de lâinsuffisance mitrale primaire sĂ©vĂšre Ă©tait de 36 % des valvulopathies devant les insuffisances aortiques Ă 32% et les rĂ©trĂ©cissements aortique et mitrale respectivement Ă 16,4% et 15,6%. LâĂąge Ă©tait de 26 +/- 9 ans. On notait une prĂ©dominance masculine Ă 57%. Le niveau socio-Ă©conomique Ă©tait bas dans 90,4% des cas avec 67% de patients sans couverture sanitaire et 50% sans ou avec un niveau dâinstruction primaire. Le temps moyen de contact avec lâinstitut de cardiologie Ă©tait de 5 ans. La moitiĂ© des patients avait un antĂ©cĂ©dent dâorthopnĂ©e. Les difficultĂ©s financiĂšres Ă©taient le principal obstacle Ă la prise en charge chirurgicale dans 62% des cas. LâĂ©valuation des mĂ©canismes en fonction de la classification de CARPENTIER faisait Ă©tat de 21% de type 1, 6% de type 2 et 79% de type 3. Quant Ă lâĂ©tiologie elle Ă©tait dominĂ©e par le rhumatisme Ă 69%, la dystrophie Ă 5%, lâendocardite infectieuse dans 10% et 16% de cause dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative.Conclusion : Les insuffisances mitrales primaires touchent des sujets jeunes, Ă©conomiquement faibles avec un mĂ©canisme restrictif prĂ©dominant. LâĂ©tiologie rhumatismale reste encore prĂ©pondĂ©rante dans notre contexte.
Mots-clés : Insuffisance mitrale primaire sévÚre, échocardiographie transthoracique, mécanisme, étiologie.
English title: Mecanisms and etiology of severe primary mitral regurgitation at the Abidjan Heart Institute
Introduction: Primary mitral regurgitations are common in our context. Management depends on severity, mechanism and etiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms and etiology of severe primary mitral regurgitation at the Abidjan heartinstitute in CĂŽte dâIvoire.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective, cross-cutting and analytical study in the external explorations department of the Abidjan Heart Institute (ICA) from 01 January 2018 to 30 October 2019.
Results: 214 patients benefited from a transthoracic echocardiographic screening, i.e. 1.9% of the transthoracic echocardiograms performed during the study period. The prevalence of severe primary mitral regurgitation was 36%, followed by aorticregurgitation at 32% and aortic and mitral stenosis at 16.4% and 15.6% respectively. The age was 26 +/- 9 years. Male predominance was noted at 57%. The socio-economic level was low in 90.4% of cases with 67% of patients without health coverage and 50% withoutor with primary education. The average time of contact with the Heart Institute was 5 years. Half of the patients had a history of orthopnea. Financial difficulties were the main barrier to surgical management in 62% of cases. The evaluation of mechanisms according to CARPENTIER's classification was 21% Type 1, 6% Type 2 and 79% Type 3. The etiology was dominated by rheumatism in 69%, dystrophy in 5%, infectious endocarditis in 10% and 16% of degenerative causes.
Conclusion: Primary mitral regurgitation affects young, economically weak subjects with a predominant restrictive mechanism. Rheumatic etiology still remains predominant in our context
Evaluation du risque de deces dans les syndromes coronariens aigus par le score de GRACE en CĂŽte dâIvoire
Rationnel : Le score de GRACE est un score recommandĂ© pour lâĂ©valuation pertinente du risque de dĂ©cĂšs pour une prise en charge efficiente des syndromes coronariens aigus (SCA).
Objectif : DĂ©terminer le risque de dĂ©cĂšs des SCA Ă Abidjan afin dâamĂ©liorer la prise en charge
MatĂ©riel et MĂ©thode : Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude observationnelle transversale sur une pĂ©riode de quatre ans du 01 Janvier 2010 au 31 DĂ©cembre 2013. Tous les patients consĂ©cutifs ĂągĂ©s dâau moins 18 ans, admis en unitĂ© de soins intensifs de lâInstitut de cardiologie dâAbidjan pour SCA ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Les donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques et thĂ©rapeutiques ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. Le risque de dĂ©cĂšs a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© Ă partir du score de GRACE.
RĂ©sultats : 370 patients ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. L'Ăąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 55,4 ans. On notait une prĂ©dominance masculine avec un sex-ratio de 3,87. Le dĂ©lai mĂ©dian dâadmission Ă©tait de 20 heures. Dans 20,8% des cas, les patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune angioplastie coronaire. La thrombolyse a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 8,3% des patients admis pour SCA ST+. Le score de GRACE moyen Ă©tait de 96.36 ± 32.18. Il Ă©tait significativement plus Ă©levĂ© en cas de SCA ST+ (p<0.01). Le taux de dĂ©cĂšs Ă©tait de 10%. En analyse uni variable, le sexe fĂ©minin (p=0,005), lâinsuffisance cardiaque Ă lâadmission (p=0,01), la dysfonction ventriculaire gauche (p=0,04) et score de le score de GRACE (p<0,001) Ă©taient associĂ©s Ă la survenue de dĂ©cĂšs dans les SCA avec sus dĂ©calage persistant du segment ST. Dans les SCA sans sus dĂ©calage du segment ST, le diabĂšte (p=0,01) et la dysfonction ventriculaire gauche (p=0,02) Ă©taient les facteurs de risque de dĂ©cĂšs.
Conclusion : LâĂ©valuation du risque de dĂ©cĂšs par le score de GRACE pourrait sâintĂ©grer dans une Ă©valuation plus large des patients admis pour SCA, et contribuer Ă amĂ©liorer leur prise en charge.
English title: Mortality-risk assessment by grace score in acute coronary syndromes in CĂŽte dâIvoire
Abstract
Introduction: The GRACE score is a useful tool for mortality-risk assessment and management of patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Objective: To assess the risk of death of ACS patients in order to improve their management
Patients and methods: We carried out a cross-sectional observational study over a four-year period from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2013. All consecutive patients aged 18 years or older, who presented to intensive care unit of Abidjan Heart Institute for ACS were included. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data were analyzed. The risk of death was assessed by the GRACE score.
Results: 370 patients were included. The mean age was 55.4 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 3.87. The median delay between onset of symptoms and admission was 20.0 hours. In 11.1% of cases, patients underwent coronary angioplasty. Thrombolysis was performed in 8.3% of patients admitted for STEMI. The average GRACE score was 96.36 ± 32.18. It was significantly higher in STEMI (p <0.01). In NSTEMI, the risk of death was significantly higher in diabetics (p = 0.005) as well as in those with left ventricular failure (p = 0.002). In-hospital death rate was 10%. In univariate analysis, female sex (p=0.005), heart failure at admission (p=0.01), reduced ejectional fraction (p=0.04) and GRACE score (p<0.001) were associated factors for death in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. In non ST-elevation ACS, diabetes (p=0.01) and reduced ejectional fraction (p=0.02) were predictive factors for death.
Conclusion: As used in an integrated approach, GRACE score should be a useful tool in the management of ACS patients.
Key words: Acute Coronary Syndrome - GRACE score â CĂŽte dâIvoir