A cross sectional study to evaluate serum calcium levels among pregnant women and it's association with preeclampsia and delivery outcomes at tertiary care Hospital Bikaner, Rajasthan

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia complicates about 10% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is one of the major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the National Health Portal of India, the incidence of preeclampsia is reported to be about 8-10% among pregnant women. The present study was aimed to compare mean serum calcium levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women at third trimester of gestation and assess relationship between maternal serum calcium levels, severity of disease and overall maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 200 females divided into two groups (i.e. Study and Control Group) from 1st November 2019 to 31st October 2020. Informed consent was obtained for subjecting. Detailed history and clinical examination were performed. Serum calcium level was measured in both groups by spectrophotometric method.Results: Mean serum calcium level in study group (preeclamptic) was 7.84±0.74 mg/dl while in control group (normotensive) mean serum calcium level was 9.68±0.97 mg/dl. Serum calcium level was significantly lower in preeclamptic women than normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001).Serum calcium showed significant negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusions: This study concludes that hypocalcaemia may have a role in aetiology of preeclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Thus intake of calcium supplements may help in reduction of incidence of preeclampsia especially in a population of a developing country

An unusual case of self-inflicted multiple needles injuries to eye

Self-inflicted eye injuries among psychiatric patients are rare but important group of ophthalmic conditions that require close cooperation between different medical specialties to ensure optimum care of the severely disturbed patient. They have been associated with a variety of disorders, including paranoid schizophrenia, drug-induced psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, mental retardation, and ritualistic behavior. It has been described in both adults and children, but occurs most commonly in young adults with acute or chronic psychoses

Environmental significance of recycled materials used in road construction

16-23<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;="" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Roads and highways have played a major role in industrial and social development of India. However, the construction of roads and highways involves construction of various natural resources like, aggregate, bitumen etc. which are used in large quantities. The demand for the raw material for roads construction is depleting availability of these natural resources and degrading our environment. Now-a-days, various alterative/ non-conventional techniques and materials are used in road construction to reduce the impacts of road construction on environment and natural resources. Use of recycled materials from road construction is one such sustainable method, which is widely used in road construction. In the present paper, use of recycled material obtained from roads repair/ up-gradation and other alternate materials and techniques, which can be used in road construction, have been briefly discussed.</span

Study of oral premalignant and malignant lesions in a tertiary care teaching centre of North India

Background :Oral malignancies are the sixth most common cancer around the globe. However, In India oral cancer is one of the leading carcinoma is squamous cell carcinoma these days. Its incidence is 12.6 per 1,00,000 population. Oral carcinoma is a common health problem with developing prevalence and mortality rates. Prevention or early finding of premalignant and oral cancer requires increased public awareness. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent of oral carcinomas and represents about 3% of all human malignant tumours. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in Government Medical College associated Hospital, Datia from February 2018 to February 2019. Total 88 patients suffering from oral lesions were included in the study both premalignant and malignant lesions. The patients were asked about the detailed clinical history and daily routine habits to eliminate exposure to known carcinogens. Result:In this study total Males were 52 and females were 36 (M:F=1.3:1). The mean age was 56.2 years. The largest number of patients of premalignant cases was between age group 41-60 years and malignant cases between age group 51-70 years. Regarding substance abuse maximum patents was tobacco was chewers then smokers then tobacco chewers as well as and some was no addiction to tobacco or smoking.Conclusion : This study explores the prevalence of oral lesions in this area and attempts to correlate the various risk factors with the lesions identified. Present studies were pattern and presentation of premalignant as well as malignant lesions in oral cavity and result of epidemiological factors and daily lifestyle habits on the scenario of oral cavity

Effect of Phosphorus Level on Nutrient Availability and Economics of Potato Crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The experiment was conducted at Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology's Main Experiment Station, Department of Vegetable Science, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), ayodhya (U.P.), during the Rabi season of 2016–17. The soil in the experimental field has a sandy loam texture. Four replications of a Randomized Block Study were applied to seven treatments. The experimental findings showed that the use of RDF 100 kg P2O5 per ha was found better with respect to promotion of growth, yield and quality parameters of potato. The maximum value on growth characters were also recorded T7 -RDF kg P2O5 ha-1 is better as compare to (T5-90 kg P2O5 ha-1 and T6-120 kg P2O5 ha-1) using in potato variety Kufri Khyati. It was found significantly superior over rest of all the treatments. An application of treatment T7 -RDF 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 in was found to be most effective total phosphorus uptake by plant and tuber (24.31kg h-1) and available phosphorus (13.50 kg h-1). The tuber and plant content of phosphorus was found T7 (.280 %) and (0.156%) and dry matter (18.10%) tuber and (10.86%) in plant for highest tubers yield (388.79 q per ha) and maximum net return Rs. 139062 as benefit cost ratio 1.47 on this dose of phosphorus in the years investigation

Identification of Transgressive Segregants and Variability Studies in Segregating Generations of Four Crosses in Chickpea

Background: An impressive progress has been made in development and promotion of extra-large kabuli chickpea varieties in India during the past decade. As a result, India has become from importer to exporter of kabuli chickpea. The breeding programmes need to continue efforts on enhancing genetic gain in breeding kabuli chickpea varieties through increasing genetic variability and precision and efficiency of selection. This study was aimed at evaluating early segregating generations of chickpea to assess genetic variability for various important traits. Methods: Four large-seeded kabuli chickpea genotypes (JGK 2, KAK 2, KRIPA and ICC 17109); were crossed with a common smallseeded kabuli genotype (ICC 16644). F1, F2 and F3 along with parents were evaluated under normal field conditions and observations were recorded on various phenological, morphological and yield traits. Data was analysed to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in the segregating populations. Result: Considerably high variability was observed in F2 and F3 populations of all the crosses. Heritability estimates in broad sense were high coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean for days to first flower, days to pod initiation, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight which indicated the presence of additive gene action for these traits. Large number of transgressive segregants was identified for number of seeds per plant followed by number of pods per plant and yield per plant. The most promising transgressive segregants could be used in future breeding programme

Acquisition and Homeostasis of Iron in Higher Plants and Their Probable Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Iron (Fe) is a micronutrient that plays an important role in agriculture worldwide because plants require a small amount of iron for its growth and development. All major functions in a plant's life from chlorophyll biosynthesis to energy transfer are performed by Fe (Brumbarova et al., 2008; Gill and Tuteja, 2011). Iron also acts as a major constituent of many plant proteins and enzymes. The acquisition of Fe in plants occurs through two strategies, i.e., strategy I and strategy II (Marschner and Römheld, 1994). Under various stress conditions, Nramp and the YSL gene families help in translocation of Fe, which further acts as a mineral regulatory element and defends plants against stresses. Iron plays an irreplaceable role in alleviating stress imposed by salinity, drought, and heavy metal stress. This is because it activates plant enzymatic antioxidants like catalase (CAT), peroxidase, and an isoform of superoxide dismutase (SOD) that act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Hellin et al., 1995). In addition to this, their deficiency as well as their excess amount can disturb the homeostasis of a plant's cell and result in declining of photosynthetic rate, respiration, and increased accumulation of Na+ and Ca− ions which culminate in an excessive formation of ROS. The short-range order hydrated Fe oxides and organic functional groups show affinities for metal ions. Iron plaque biofilm matrices could sequester a large amount of metals at the soil–root interface. Hence, it has attracted the attention of plant physiologists and agricultural scientists who are discovering more exciting and hidden applications of Fe and its potential in the development of bio-factories. This review looks into the recent progress made in putting forward the role of Fe in plant growth, development, and acclimation under major abiotic stresses, i.e., salinity, drought, and heavy metals