Energy management in microgrids with renewable energy sources: A literature review

Renewable energy sources have emerged as an alternative to meet the growing demand for energy, mitigate climate change, and contribute to sustainable development. The integration of these systems is carried out in a distributed manner via microgrid systems; this provides a set of technological solutions that allows information exchange between the consumers and the distributed generation centers, which implies that they need to be managed optimally. Energy management in microgrids is defined as an information and control system that provides the necessary functionality, which ensures that both the generation and distribution systems supply energy at minimal operational costs. This paper presents a literature review of energy management in microgrid systems using renewable energies, along with a comparative analysis of the different optimization objectives, constraints, solution approaches, and simulation tools applied to both the interconnected and isolated microgrids. To manage the intermittent nature of renewable energy, energy storage technology is considered to be an attractive option due to increased technological maturity, energy density, and capability of providing grid services such as frequency response. Finally, future directions on predictive modeling mainly for energy storage systems are also proposed

Adaptive method of comparison to identify for force ripples in wavelet coefficients of two types linear motors with permanent magnets

This article proposes a numerical model of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSMs) for use as a tracking mechanism for the transport system. This paper studies the behavior under operating two types of linear motors to analyze and compare the system of forces and vibration levels to determine its efficiency as a transport system. The first model of motor has configuration of opposite poles and second has Halbach type configuration, are analyzed by the finite element method with commercial software FLUX™. The data of variation of force called ripple are analyzed with techniques for vibration signals using wavelet coefficients for classification of MatLab™ software to determine the concentration of vibrational energy levels and the parameters identified for each proposed linear moto