Some genetic markers in creole bovine of Argentina 1. Inmunogenetics

Dado el carácter de "primitivismo" del Bovino Criollo, motivo de esta investigación, se realiza un somero estudio filogenético a los efectos de ubicar este tipo de ganado en estudios inmunogénéticos futuros vinculados a poblaciones de hábitats regionales, en correspondencia a distintas zonas de la República Argentina y países limítrofes. En base al origen Ibérico común del Longhorn Americano u Bovino Criollo se hace una primera investigación tentativa con animales de la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá (INTA) de Leales, Tucumán, orientada a verificar la existencia de algunos "marcadores genéticos" que fueran coincidentes con los descubiertos por MILLER en Longhorn (Miller, 1966). Esta primera etapa permitió comprobar 15 fenogrupos del Sistema B, involucrados en el total de 27 detectados por MILLER. En general hay acuerdo respecto a los otros sistemas, con pequeñas diferencias de las frecuencias génicas en algunos casos.Given the primitivism of the character of the Creole Bovine, we made a superficial phylogenic study to place this type of cattle in future imnunnogenetics studies which will involve regional habitat populations of the Argentine Republic and bounding countries. Because of the common Iberian origin of the American Longhorn and "Bovino Criollo", a first tentative investigation has been performed with animals of the Estación Experimental Agropecnaria Famaillá (Leales, Tucumán) to verify the existence of some "genetic markers" that would be coincident with MILLER's disclosure in Longhorns (Miller, 1966). Detected were 15 phenogroups of the B System which are held in common with 15 B phenogroups of the American Longhon detected by MILLER, with general agreement concerning to the other systems.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Some genetic markers in creole bovine of Argentina 1. Inmunogenetics

Dado el carácter de "primitivismo" del Bovino Criollo, motivo de esta investigación, se realiza un somero estudio filogenético a los efectos de ubicar este tipo de ganado en estudios inmunogénéticos futuros vinculados a poblaciones de hábitats regionales, en correspondencia a distintas zonas de la República Argentina y países limítrofes. En base al origen Ibérico común del Longhorn Americano u Bovino Criollo se hace una primera investigación tentativa con animales de la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá (INTA) de Leales, Tucumán, orientada a verificar la existencia de algunos "marcadores genéticos" que fueran coincidentes con los descubiertos por MILLER en Longhorn (Miller, 1966). Esta primera etapa permitió comprobar 15 fenogrupos del Sistema B, involucrados en el total de 27 detectados por MILLER. En general hay acuerdo respecto a los otros sistemas, con pequeñas diferencias de las frecuencias génicas en algunos casos.Given the primitivism of the character of the Creole Bovine, we made a superficial phylogenic study to place this type of cattle in future imnunnogenetics studies which will involve regional habitat populations of the Argentine Republic and bounding countries. Because of the common Iberian origin of the American Longhorn and "Bovino Criollo", a first tentative investigation has been performed with animals of the Estación Experimental Agropecnaria Famaillá (Leales, Tucumán) to verify the existence of some "genetic markers" that would be coincident with MILLER's disclosure in Longhorns (Miller, 1966). Detected were 15 phenogroups of the B System which are held in common with 15 B phenogroups of the American Longhon detected by MILLER, with general agreement concerning to the other systems.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Some genetic markers in creole bovine of Argentina 1. Inmunogenetics

Dado el carácter de "primitivismo" del Bovino Criollo, motivo de esta investigación, se realiza un somero estudio filogenético a los efectos de ubicar este tipo de ganado en estudios inmunogénéticos futuros vinculados a poblaciones de hábitats regionales, en correspondencia a distintas zonas de la República Argentina y países limítrofes. En base al origen Ibérico común del Longhorn Americano u Bovino Criollo se hace una primera investigación tentativa con animales de la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá (INTA) de Leales, Tucumán, orientada a verificar la existencia de algunos "marcadores genéticos" que fueran coincidentes con los descubiertos por MILLER en Longhorn (Miller, 1966). Esta primera etapa permitió comprobar 15 fenogrupos del Sistema B, involucrados en el total de 27 detectados por MILLER. En general hay acuerdo respecto a los otros sistemas, con pequeñas diferencias de las frecuencias génicas en algunos casos.Given the primitivism of the character of the Creole Bovine, we made a superficial phylogenic study to place this type of cattle in future imnunnogenetics studies which will involve regional habitat populations of the Argentine Republic and bounding countries. Because of the common Iberian origin of the American Longhorn and "Bovino Criollo", a first tentative investigation has been performed with animals of the Estación Experimental Agropecnaria Famaillá (Leales, Tucumán) to verify the existence of some "genetic markers" that would be coincident with MILLER's disclosure in Longhorns (Miller, 1966). Detected were 15 phenogroups of the B System which are held in common with 15 B phenogroups of the American Longhon detected by MILLER, with general agreement concerning to the other systems.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Some genetic markers in creole bovine of Argentina 2. Immunogenetic and serogenetic groups

Como apoyo complementario a la metodología de la Inmunogenética en investigaciones el grupos sanguíneos eritrocitarios, la genética bioquímica contribuye con varias leas de trabajo, entre otras: la detección de grupos Serogenéticos referidos a Transferrinas, albúminas e Hemoglobinas. En este aspecto "genético bioquímico" se investigan en Bovinos Criollos de Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Leales (INTA), Tucumán. los fenotipos de Transferrinas. Albúmina y Hemoglobina, llegando a comprobaciones iniciales de interés por ejemplo el alele Trausferrina E (TfÉ ) no tiene ocurrencia en criollos (en este primer estudio) 1 el alele Albúmina S (AlS ) no aparece en homicigosis, y, en Hemoglobinas se encuentra un franco predominio del alele HbA sobre HbB , con reducida frecuencia del genotipo homocigótico HbB /HbB , no observado por MILLER en Longhorn Americanos. Relativo a la conjunción de los trabajos 1 y 2 es de enfatizar las pautas de indagación sobre los sistemas de grupos sanguíneos y serogenéticos en la secuencia metodológica de la Inmunogenética Animal, recalcando su importancia como Ciencias Aplicada. La utilización de esta metodología de investigación puede contribuir a la certificación individual, fundamentalmente, para la estructuración de rodeos puros constitutivos de grandes reservorios gené- ticos a los efectos de mantener intacta y preservado ese gran patrimonio genético concerniente al Bovino Criollo, ya prácticamente en vías de extinción.As a complementary test to the immunogenetics for the blood groups research, the Biochemical Genetics contributes with several work lines to detect the Seroenetic groups, example, Transferrins, Albumins and Hemoglobins. The investigation is performed in "Bovinos Criollos" of the Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Leales (INTA), Tucumán, researching the Transferrin, Albumin and Hemoglobin phenotypes. As a first result, in this study we have observed that the TfÉ does not occur in "Criollo", the alele AlbS does not appear as homozygous and the Hemoglobin types gave the major frequency for the HbA with reduced frequency for the homozygous type HbB /HbB . The use of the Animal Immunogenetics with its methods can contribute to the cattle individual certification, fundamentally to structure the "Creole Bovine" herds as large reserves in order to maintain intact and preserved that great patrimony of genes concerning to the "Bovino Criollo" which practically is the way of extintion.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Some genetic markers in creole bovine of Argentina 2. Immunogenetic and serogenetic groups

Como apoyo complementario a la metodología de la Inmunogenética en investigaciones el grupos sanguíneos eritrocitarios, la genética bioquímica contribuye con varias leas de trabajo, entre otras: la detección de grupos Serogenéticos referidos a Transferrinas, albúminas e Hemoglobinas. En este aspecto "genético bioquímico" se investigan en Bovinos Criollos de Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Leales (INTA), Tucumán. los fenotipos de Transferrinas. Albúmina y Hemoglobina, llegando a comprobaciones iniciales de interés por ejemplo el alele Trausferrina E (TfÉ ) no tiene ocurrencia en criollos (en este primer estudio) 1 el alele Albúmina S (AlS ) no aparece en homicigosis, y, en Hemoglobinas se encuentra un franco predominio del alele HbA sobre HbB , con reducida frecuencia del genotipo homocigótico HbB /HbB , no observado por MILLER en Longhorn Americanos. Relativo a la conjunción de los trabajos 1 y 2 es de enfatizar las pautas de indagación sobre los sistemas de grupos sanguíneos y serogenéticos en la secuencia metodológica de la Inmunogenética Animal, recalcando su importancia como Ciencias Aplicada. La utilización de esta metodología de investigación puede contribuir a la certificación individual, fundamentalmente, para la estructuración de rodeos puros constitutivos de grandes reservorios gené- ticos a los efectos de mantener intacta y preservado ese gran patrimonio genético concerniente al Bovino Criollo, ya prácticamente en vías de extinción.As a complementary test to the immunogenetics for the blood groups research, the Biochemical Genetics contributes with several work lines to detect the Seroenetic groups, example, Transferrins, Albumins and Hemoglobins. The investigation is performed in "Bovinos Criollos" of the Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Leales (INTA), Tucumán, researching the Transferrin, Albumin and Hemoglobin phenotypes. As a first result, in this study we have observed that the TfÉ does not occur in "Criollo", the alele AlbS does not appear as homozygous and the Hemoglobin types gave the major frequency for the HbA with reduced frequency for the homozygous type HbB /HbB . The use of the Animal Immunogenetics with its methods can contribute to the cattle individual certification, fundamentally to structure the "Creole Bovine" herds as large reserves in order to maintain intact and preserved that great patrimony of genes concerning to the "Bovino Criollo" which practically is the way of extintion.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health