One class of equations solvable in radicals

We derive recurrent formulas for obtaining minimal polynomials for values of tangents and show that Galois groups of these polynomials are commutative. Thus we give examples of equations of arbitrarily high degrees solvable in radicals. © 2011 Allerton Press, Inc

Оптимизация элементов стальной многоэтажной рамы с использованием генетического алгоритма

This study presents the development and implementation of the genetic algorithm model in optimization of members of steel multistory frame. The developed model shows superior results when compared to the classical model of genetic algorithm because of higher speed and stability of decision searching. The results of the frame members optimization are provided.Настоящее исследование направлено на разработку и применение модели генетического алгоритма для оптимизации стальной многоэтажной рамы. Разработанная модель показывает лучший результат по сравнению с классической моделью как по скорости, так и по устойчивости поиска решения. Приведен пример с результатами оптимизации элементов рамы

Human umbilical cord blood cell transplantation in neuroregenerative strategies

© 2017 Galieva, Mukhamedshina, Arkhipova and Rizvanov. At present there is no effective treatment of pathologies associated with the death of neurons and glial cells which take place as a result of physical trauma or ischemic lesions of the nervous system. Thus, researchers have high hopes for a treatment based on the use of stem cells (SC), which are potentially able to replace dead cells and synthesize neurotrophic factors and other molecules that stimulate neuroregeneration. We are often faced with ethical issues when selecting a source of SC. In addition to precluding these, human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) presents a number of advantages when compared with other sources of SC. In this review, we consider the key characteristics of hUCB, the results of various studies focused on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), ischemic (stroke) and traumatic injuries of the nervous system and the molecular mechanisms of hUCB-derived mononuclear and stem cells

Distribution and Survival of Transplanted Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Spinal Cord Injury

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Current expectations for successful treatment of post-traumatic disorders in the CNS are associated with cell-based technologies. Mesenchymal stem cells, which are under intensive study, appear to be the most promising. At the same time, mechanisms of their effect on post-traumatic regeneration of the spinal cord and their behavior and migration properties in neurodegenerative lesions are not investigated in full. In our study, we investigated the survival, migration, and phenotypic characteristics of a fibrin matrix enclosed in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) by implanting them in an area of the spinal cord injury in a subacute period. We showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells retain their viability in the area of SCI for up to 60 days and migrate rostrally and caudally for more than 5 mm. Phenotyping of AD-MSCs in the spinal cord injury area performed on the seventh day post-transplantation shows that Thy-1, CD 73, and Stro-1 are expressed; however, no CD 44 expression is observed. The results obtained reveal the route of migration of AD-MSCs within an area of the spinal cord injury. However, the programed differentiation of these cells in a later post SCI period has to be studied

Systemic and local cytokine profile following spinal cord injury in rats: A multiplex analysis

© 2017 Mukhamedshina, Akhmetzyanova, Martynova, Khaiboullina, Galieva and Rizvanov. Our study of the changes in cytokine profile in blood serum and in the spinal cord after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has shown that an inflammatory reaction and immunological response are not limited to the CNS, but widespread. This fact was confirmed by changes detected in a cytokine profile in blood serum samples [MIP-1α, interleukin 1 (IL-1) α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES]. There were also changes in the levels of MIP-1α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-18, GM-colony-stimulating factor, IL-17α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, MCP-1, and GRO KC CINC-1 in samples of the rat injured spinal cord. The results underscore the complex cytokine network imbalance exhibited after SCI and show significant changes in the concentrations of 14 cytokines/chemokines with different inflammatory and immunological activities

Assessment of glial scar, tissue sparing, behavioral recovery and axonal regeneration following acute transplantation of genetically modified human umbilical cord blood cells in a rat model of spinal cord contusion

©2016 Mukhamedshina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Objective and Methods This study investigated the potential for protective effects of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MCs) genetically modified with the VEGF and GNDF genes on contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. An adenoviral vector was constructed for targeted delivery of VEGF and GDNF to UCB-MCs. Using a rat contusion SCI model we examined the efficacy of the construct on tissue sparing, glial scar severity, the extent of axonal regeneration, recovery of motor function, and analyzed the expression of the recombinant genes VEGF and GNDF in vitro and in vivo. Results Transplantation of UCB-MCs transduced with adenoviral vectors expressing VEGF and GDNF at the site of SCI induced tissue sparing, behavioral recovery and axonal regeneration comparing to the other constructs tested. The adenovirus encoding VEGF and GDNF for transduction of UCB-MCs was shown to be an effective and stable vehicle for these cells in vivo following the transplantation into the contused spinal cord. Conclusion Our results show that a gene delivery using UCB-MCs-expressing VEGF and GNDF genes improved both structural and functional parameters after SCI. Further histological and behavioral studies, especially at later time points, in animals with SCI after transplantation of genetically modified UCB-MCs (overexpressing VEGF and GDNF genes) will provide additional insight into therapeutic potential of such cells

Мониторинг подземных сооружений метрополитена в г. Екатеринбург

This paper presents the issues of technical state of subsurface structures in operation and the erection of buildings under available development. It is stated that detailed monitoring of technical state of underground tunnels is essential, since the structure is unique and technologically complex. The aspects of geotechnical monitoring of underground tunnels are considered. The principles of geodesic monitoring of underground rings, tension increase in tube lining and pressure from the building under construction on the ground are described. Recommendations for underground tunnel monitoring are presented. The behavioural analysis of the subsurface structure performed on schedule allows to size up the impact of new construction on the structure and to develop solutions preventing negative process development. Implementation of computer-based structure monitoring systems, determination of real structure geometrics by means of three-dimensional laser scanning are recommended when monitoring the existing underground tunnels.В статье рассмотрена проблема технического состояния эксплуатируемых подземных сооружений и возведения зданий в условиях существующей застройки в г. Екатеринбург. Необходимость мониторинга тоннелей метрополитена возникла в связи со строительством над подземным сооружением жилого комплекса. Констатируется, что необходим детальный мониторинг технического состояния тоннелей метрополитена, поскольку сооружение является уникальным и технически сложным объектом. Рассмотрены аспекты обследования тоннеля и геотехнического мониторинга тоннелей метрополитена. Описаны принципы геодезического мониторинга колец метрополитена с использованием технологии лазерного сканирования и тахеометрической съемки, контроля прироста напряжений в обделке тюбингов, регистрации давления строящегося над тоннелем метрополитена здания на грунт. Представлены рекомендации по мониторингу тоннелей метрополитенов

Electrophysiological, morphological, and ultrastructural features of the injured spinal cord tissue after transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells genetically modified with the VEGF and GDNF genes

© 2017 Y. O. Mukhamedshina et al.In this study, we examined the efficacy of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCB-MCs), genetically modified with the VEGF and GDNF genes using adenoviral vectors, on posttraumatic regeneration after transplantation into the site of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Thirty days after SCI, followed by transplantation of nontransduced hUCB-MCs, we observed an improvement in H (latency period, LP) and M(Amax) waves, compared to the group without therapy after SCI. For genetically modified hUCB-MCs, there was improvement in Amax of M wave and LP of both the M and H waves. The ratio between Amax of the H and M waves (Hmax/Mmax) demonstrated that transplantation into the area of SCI of genetically modified hUCB-MCs was more effective than nontransduced hUCB-MCs. Spared tissue and myelinated fibers were increased at day 30 after SCI and transplantation of hUCB-MCs in the lateral and ventral funiculi 2.5 mm from the lesion epicenter. Transplantation of hUCB-MCs genetically modified with the VEGF and GNDF genes significantly increased the number of spared myelinated fibers (22-fold, P>0.01) in the main corticospinal tract compared to the nontransduced ones. HNA+ cells with the morphology of phagocytes and microglia-like cells were found as compact clusters or cell bridges within the traumatic cavities that were lined by GFAP+ host astrocytes. Our results show that hUCB-MCs transplanted into the site of SCI improved regeneration and that hUCB-MCs genetically modified with the VEGF and GNDF genes were more effective than nontransduced hUCB-MCs

Computational problems of analysis of short next generation sequencing reads

Short read next generation sequencing (NGS) has significant impacts on modern genomics, genetics, cell biology and medicine, especially on meta-genomics, comparative genomics, polymorphism detection, mutation screening, transcriptome profiling, methylation profiling, chromatin remodelling and many more applications. However, NGS are prone for errors which complicate scientific conclusions. NGS technologies consist of shearing DNA molecules into collection of numerous small fragments, called a ‘library’, and their further extensive parallel sequencing. These sequenced overlapping fragments are called ‘reads’, they are assembled into contiguous strings. The contiguous sequences are in turn assembled into genomes for further analysis. Computational sequencing problems are those arising from numerical processing of sequenced samples. The numerical processing involves procedures such as: quality-scoring, mapping/assembling, and surprisingly, error-correction of a data. This paper is reviewing post-processing errors and computational methods to discern them. It also includes sequencing dictionary. We present here quality control of raw data, errors arising at the steps of alignment of sequencing reads to a reference genome and assembly. Finally this work presents identification of mutations (“Variant calling”) in sequencing data and its quality control

Computer analysis of co-localization of transcription factor binding sites in genome by ChIP-seq data

Statistical features of the distribution of transcription factor binding sites in the mouse genome that are obtained by ChIP-seq experiments in embryonic stem cells have been considered. Clusters of sites that contain four or more different transcription factor binding sites in the mouse genome have been defined, also their location relatively to the regulatory regions of genes has been described. The presence of two types of site co-localization has been shown: clusters containing binding sites for factors Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, located in the distal regions, and clusters containing binding sites n-Myc, c-Myc, mainly located in the promoter regions of mouse genes. Analysis of new ChIPseq data about binding of transcription factors Nr5a2, Tbx3 in the same cell type has confirmed the division of clusters of transcription factors binding sites into two types: those containing the binding sites of regulators of pluripotency (Oct4, Nanog, and others) and those not. The computer program of the statistical data processing of gene location and chromatin domains that analyzes experimental data of site localization obtained by ChIP-seq in the mouse genome and the human genome has been developed. The presence of preferences at position of transcription factor binding sites of various types has been revealed, the distances between the nearest groups of TF binding sites Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and TF binding sites n-Myc and c-Myc have been calculated using this program. The presence of nucleotide motifs of transcription factor binding sites in the selected areas of ChIP-seq has been estimated, nucleotide motifs have been refined. A correlation between the presence of motifs and the intensity of ChIPseq binding has been shown. Computer methods for estimating the clustering of different transcription factors binding sites for new data ChIP-seq have been developed. Programs are available upon the request to the authors