Heat generation model for taper cylindrical pin profile in FSW

AbstractModeling offers great potential for reducing experimental effort in development of welding parameters, tool design and many other areas and at the same time reduce cost and time. An analytical model for heat generation for friction stir welding using taper cylindrical pin profile was developed. The proposed analytical expression is the modification of previous analytical models known from the literature which is verified and well matches with the model developed by previous researchers. The results of the proposed model were validated with the data from previous researchers. From the obtained results, it was observed that less temperature is generated using taper cylindrical pin profile than straight cylindrical pin profile under given set of working conditions. Furthermore, numerical simulation result shows that increasing the taper pin angle leads to decrease in peak temperature

Biological Potential of Caesalpinia bonducella Seeds: A Review

Caesalpinia bonducella L. is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae. The plant is found in all over India. The plant is a large prickly shrub. It is popular in indigenous system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Homoeopathy and Unani. In Indian traditional plant medicine, it has been considered as an important remedy for the treatment of several diseases. The plant has been reported to possess antimalarial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antipyretic, antifertility antiviral and antimalarial etc. activities of various parts of C bonducella plant. It can be concluded that C. bonducella can become the best source of medicine in future on various ailments with further investigations. Hence attempts have been made to take collect and compile the information about the traditional use of various parts of C.bonducella in various ailments, chemical constituents from various parts and the effective use of various extracts for treatment of different diseases. Keywords:  Caesalpinia bonducella , Pharmacology, Nutritional Values

Emergency Mode for ATM Security by using Biometric Recognition and GSM Technology

Now a day there is an urgent need to improve security in banking region. The foremost objective of this system is to develop an embedded system, which is used for ATM system security application. With the advent of ATM though banking became a lot easier it even became a lot vulnerable or susceptible. Today, ATM is nothing more than Access Card and Personal Identification Number (PIN) for identification and security clearness. This kind of situation is unfortunate is unfortunate since tremendous progress has been made in biometric identification techniques, such as finger printing, retina scanning, facial recognition, iris scanning etc. This paper proposes the development of a system that integrates fingerprint recognition technology and GSM technology into the identify verification process used in ATMs. The development of such a system helps to protect consumers and financial institutions alike from fraud security. In this, Bankers has to collect the customer�s finger prints and mobile number while opening the accounts then customer only access the ATM machine. The working of these ATM machine is when customer place finger on finger print module when it access automatically generates every time different 4-digit code as a message to the mobile of the authorized customer through GSM modem connected to the microcontroller. The code received by the customer should be entered by customer then only customer can access his account

Quantum Dots: Method of Preparation and Biological Application

Quantum dots are inorganic semiconductor crystal of nanometer size which having distinctive conductive property depend on its size & shape. After administration of quantum dots parentally they identify target and bound them. Also quantum dots having light emitting property depend on size & shape. Quantum dots are prepared by chemical synthesis method include both organic & water phase synthesis & also by top- bottom approach. Tumor cell targeting & detection of pathogen & toxin are the main application of quantum dots & also in targeting drug delivery system. This review provides the overview of method of preparation of quantum dots & its biological application. Keywords: Quantum dot, targeting drug delivery, biological applicatio

Enhancement of Sulfamethoxazole by Solid Dispersion using Spray Dryer Technique

The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of SMZ by preparing solid dispersion using a spray dryer. Different polymers were used to study their effect on the solubility of SMZ. Effect of polymer on solubility of drug in the form of solid dispersion was studied by determining the solubility of each solid dispersion separately. It was observed that solubility of drug changes with change in the polymer. As   a result of this study, it was found that solubility of SMZ was significantly enhanced by solid dispersion with the polymers especially with the PVP K30 and HPMC E15. Keywords SMZ, Solubility, Solid dispersion, Spray dryer

3-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-5-[4-(dimethyl­amino)­phen­yl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothio­amide

The mol­ecule of the title pyrazole derivative, C18H19BrN4S, is twisted. The central pyrazole ring, which adopts a flattened envelope conformation, is almost coplanar with the 4-bromo­phenyl ring, whereas it is inclined to the 4-(dimethyl­amino)­phenyl ring making dihedral angles of 1.68 (6) and 85.12 (6)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 86.56 (6)°. The dimethyl­amino group is slightly twisted from the attached benzene ring [C—C—N—C torsion angles = 8.4 (2) and 8.9 (2)°]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into chains along [20]. The crystal is further stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Developing Post Rainy Sorghum Seed System in India

The crops grown under rainfed agriculture are described as farming practices that rely on rainfall for crop production and their seed systems describe, how farmers in these regions are sourcing seed for cultivating these crops. The objective of this chapter is to share information, experiences and some success stories of seed value chain models developed for production and supply of improved varieties to resource poor farmers to enhance production of rainfed crops. Majority of crop varieties grown under rainfed agriculture system are open pollinated varieties or self-pollinated crops especially food crops, cereals and legumes grown in semi-arid tropics of the globe. The importance of rainfed agriculture varies regionally but produces most food for poor communities in developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa more than 95 per cent of the farmed land is rainfed, while the corresponding figure for Latin America is almost 90 per cent, for South Asia about 60 per cent, for East Asia 65 per cent and for the Near East and North Africa 75 per cent..

Innovative Seed Consortium Strengthening the Postrainy Sorghum Seed Systems in India

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is grown both in rainy (Kharif) and postrainy (Rabi) seasons in India for multiple uses. Of the total sorghum area of 6.5 m ha, postrainy sorghum is grown on ~ 4 m ha area in the black soils under receding soil moisture, after the cessation of rains. The majority of postrainy sorghum production is concentrated across the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (Trivedi, 2008; Rana et al., 1999; Hosmani and Chittapur, 1997). Postrainy sorghum growing areas are characterized by low rain fall, low temperatures at flowering time and terminal drought and most of the times sorghum is the only crop option for meeting the food and fodder needs of communities in these areas (Murty et al., 2007; Pray and Nagarajan, 2009; Belum Reddy et. al., 2012; Kholova et al., 2013). Because of these constraints the productivity of postrainy sorghum is low (grain yield ~0.7 t ha‐1). However the grain and stover quality obtained from postrainy sorghum is preferred by the farmers and markets, therefore of higher value. Across postrainy sorghum ecologies, the landrace cultivars possessing white bold lustrous grains, with photoperiod sensitivity, cold tolerance, shoot fly resistance and terminal drought tolerance, like M 35‐1, Dagadi are popular with farmers. There are some improved varieties developed by Indian national program but they are not available to most farmers. The seed replacement ratio is very low (20%) (Fig 1). Further, the market opportunities for grain and fodder are limited restricting it to a subsistence production system. This paper deals with the current status of postrainy sorghum seed systems and innovative approaches to improve the quality seed availability to farmers

Effect of Different Crushing Treatments on Sweet Sorghum Juice Extraction and Sugar Quality Traits in Different Seasons

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important biofuel crop that produces both food (grain) and biofuel (from stalk juice). The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of different crushing treatments on juice extraction and sugar quality traits of sweet sorghum cultivars grown in different seasons. Three sweet sorghum cultivars along with three stalk crushing treatments namely (i) stalk only crushed (leaf, sheath and panicle removed), (ii) stalk plus sheath crushed (leaf and panicle removed), and (iii) whole plant crushed (but only panicle removed) were assessed in split–split-plot design during 2009 rainy (Kharif) and 2009 post-rainy (Rabi) seasons. The percent juice extraction and juice sugar quality traits were significant (P ≤ 0.05) in different crop seasons, but were non-significant among cultivars and crushing treatments. Sweet sorghum cultivars grown during rainy season had significantly higher total soluble sugars (TSS), sucrose and purity per cent than in post-rainy season. Experimental variety SPSSV 30 showed significant superiority by 25 % in TSS and sucrose content than check namely CSH 22SS. Effect of crushing treatments on juice extraction and sugar quality traits were non-significant except juice brix. It is recommended that the complete sweet sorghum stalks after removing the panicle can be crushed without the need for removing leaf and sheath both in large research trial samples, and bulk harvested stalks at biofuel processing facility. This will reduce processing time at the sugar mill and helps avoiding rapid deterioration of stalk sugars in the ambient field condition, as removal of leaf and sheath in sweet sorghum is highly cumbersome unlike sugarcane, where it is relatively easy