Economic Fluctuations and Stabilizing Policies

The paper discusses the extent and spread of economic fluctuations across selected countries during the Great Depression and the last over 40 years. Also, it analyses the possible causes of each major business cycle, the roles that the fiscal and monetary policies have played to counter them, and the inherent limitations of these policies in getting a total rid of all such fluctuations.

Recent Developments inMacroeconomics

The paper presents the subject matter of macroeconomics and the developments that have taken place in macroeconomic theory and policy since the Keynesian theory of 1936. In particular, it highlights the problems in data measurement, describes the business cycles and the roles of stabilisation policies in countering them, and delineates the factors determining economic growth.

Two photon quantum interference in plasmonics - Theory and Applications

We report perfect two photon quantum interference with near-unity visibility in a resonant tunneling plasmonic structure in folded Kretschmann geometry. This is despite absorption-induced loss of unitarity in plasmonic systems. The effect is traced to perfect destructive interference between the squares of amplitude reflection and transmission coefficients. We further highlight yet another remarkable potential of coincidence measurements as a probe with better resolution as compared to standard spectroscopic techniques. The finer features show up in both angle resolved and frequency resolved studies.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Giant Radiative Interactions Among Distant Atoms

We examine the feasibility of enhancing the fundamental radiative interactions between distant atoms. We present general arguments for producing enhancement. In particular, we show how giant dipole-dipole interaction can be produced by considering dipoles placed close to micron sized silica spheres. The giant interaction arises as the whispering gallery modes can resonantly couple the dipoles.Comment: 4 figures included in the postscript file, to appear in "Current trens in Atomic and Molecular Physics", edited by R. Srivastava (Phoenix publishing House, New Delhi, India, 2001

Staggered fermion matrix elements using smeared operators

We investigate the use of two kinds of staggered fermion operators, smeared and unsmeared. The smeared operators extend over a $4^4$ hypercube, and tend to have smaller perturbative corrections than the corresponding unsmeared operators. We use these operators to calculate kaon weak matrix elements on quenched ensembles at $\beta=6.0$, 6.2 and 6.4. Extrapolating to the continuum limit, we find $B_K(NDR, 2 GeV)= 0.62\pm 0.02(stat)\pm 0.02(syst)$. The systematic error is dominated by the uncertainty in the matching between lattice and continuum operators due to the truncation of perturbation theory at one-loop. We do not include any estimate of the errors due to quenching or to the use of degenerate $s$ and $d$ quarks. For the $\Delta I = {3/2}$ electromagnetic penguin operators we find $B_7^{(3/2)} = 0.62\pm 0.03\pm 0.06$ and $B_8^{(3/2)} = 0.77\pm 0.04\pm 0.04$. We also use the ratio of unsmeared to smeared operators to make a partially non-perturbative estimate of the renormalization of the quark mass for staggered fermions. We find that tadpole improved perturbation theory works well if the coupling is chosen to be \alpha_\MSbar(q^*=1/a).Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure, uses eps

Symmetry energy from fragment observables in the canonical thermodynamic model

Different formulas relying measurable fragment isotopic observables to the symmetry energy of excited nuclei have been proposed and applied to the analysis of heavy ion collision data in the recent literature. In this paper we examine the quality of the different expressions in the framework of the McGill Canonical Thermodynamic Model. We show that even in the idealized situation of canonical equilibrium and in the absence of secondary decay, these formulas do not give a precise reconstruction of the symmetry energy of the fragmenting source. However, both isotopic widths and isoscaling appear very well correlated to the physical symmetry energy.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review