Disorders of sex development (DSD): an overview of recent scientific advances

Abstract Developments in biotechnology have radically altered clinical and research themes in the small field of disorders of sex development, as in other rare medical conditions. In the age of genetics, an increasing number of DSDs have been identified. Aided by larger populations of people with DSD diagnoses attending specialist centres, these discoveries are enabling medical doctors and scientists to map out the long-term clinical presentations of a number of conditions. In terms of benefits to patients, the new discoveries have paid dividends in two specific ways. First of all, even though knowledge may remain incomplete, our understanding of the risk of malignancy in retained gonads has improved significantly. Consequently, care providers are in a stronger position than they have ever been to advise patients in their decision-making processes around removing or retaining their gonads. Second, more scientific understanding has led to improved fertility outcomes for women who have a uterus, as in Turner’s Syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Swyer’s Syndrome

Ultrabroad-bandwidth multifrequency Raman soliton pulse trains

I have discovered that in the coherent regime of ultrabroad-bandwidth Raman generation, a large number of long-lived soliton pulse trains are spontaneously generated. This novel solution of the dispersionless and highly transient regime, involving more than 40 distinct Raman lines of comparable amplitude, is found to be a strong attractor in the nonlinear dynamics, even when the system is initially far from this limit

Centralisation of assessment: meeting the challenges of multi-year team projects in information systems education

This paper focuses on the difficulties of assessing multi-year team projects, in which a team of students drawn from all three years of a full-time degree course works on a problem with and for a real-life organization. Although potential solutions to the problem of assessing team projects may be context-dependent, we believe that discussing these in our paper will allow readers to relate to their teaching cases and increase the general appreciation of team project related work. Findings discussed in this paper are based on the first cycle of action research in relation to an existing multi-year team project scheme. Based on the interpretivist perspective, this work draws on data from staff and student focus groups, semi structured interviews and surveys. Team project clients were also asked to comment on their experiences and the way they would like team projects to be improved in the future. Since issues affecting the success of team projects are quite closely inter-related, a systemic view is adopted rather than analysis of a single issue in isolation. Overall there is a feeling that multi-year team projects are a good idea in theory but can be challenging to implement in practice. It is argued that the main areas of concern are the assessment process, the dilemmas and tensions that it can introduce, and the related inconsistencies in stakeholder involvement, which can compromise the learning experience if not handled well. We believe that the assessment process holds the key to a successful learning experience in team project work

The analysis of medium-sized arrays of complex elements using a combination of FDTD and reaction matching

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The class of shareholdings and its impacts on corporate performance: a case of state shareholding composition in Chinese publicly listed companies.

Does the class of shareholdings matter for corporate performance? To address the question, our paper starts by classifying shareholdings on the basis of the principle of ultimate ownership. At present, the shareholding structure of Chinese quoted companies is state-dominant in that 84% of public companies ultimately are found controlled by the state, compared with 16% of non-statecontrolled ones. In contrast to our identified shareholdings, the Chinese official shareholding record only reports the state and the legal person share classes that are inevitably ambiguous for the identification of ultimate owners of public corporations, which in turn has misled many previous studies in assessing the impact of shareholding classes on performance. Based on our newly established shareholding classes, we make a nested performance comparison between these different classes, such as the state direct control versus the state indirect control, and find significant evidence from the Chinese data that the class of shareholdings does matter for company performance. The least inefficient shareholding class is the holding companies that are wholly listed and have focused industrial business through the state indirect control of the downstream public corporations. This finding provides ground for us to think more about how the corporate control mechanism could be further improved in China’s current corporate governance reform

Factors Contributing to Psycho-Social Ill-Health in Male Adolescents

Objective: To study the prevalence of psychosocial problems in male adolescents and find out various factors contributing to psycho-social ill health. Methods: 500 adolescents were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to elicit the information about the psychosocial problems including depression, suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempts. Association of academic performance, family problems, psychological problems and substance abuse was also included. Results: More than one third (39.6%) adolescents were having psychological problems. These problems were significantly higher in middle adolescence (14-16 years), large extended families (> 8 members) and lower socioeconomic status. Residence had no significant relation to psychological problems in the adolescents. On correlation, these adolescents with psychological problems were having significantly more academic problems, family disputes, domestic violence, lesser number of close friends and greater substance abuse. Conclusion: Considering that male adolescents from large families with lesser education and lower income had higher prevalence of psychosocial problems, it is essential for health care planners to design comprehensive family and health education programs for the adolescents. The family support, teacher student rapport and peer group communication should be strengthened to counteract unsafe behaviours in the adolescents