CLINICAL TRIAL OF DRUG VYAN UTKSHEPAHARA GHAN VATI (KALPIT YOG) IN DIABETES (NIDDM) INDUCED HYERTENSION.

Due to the unwholesome diet, sedentary life style, day by day our country is facing the increasing burden of the patients of diabetes induced high blood pressure, and obesity. Our country is becoming the capital of these diseases. These diseases mostly treated by allopathic medicines which are having considerable side effects and could not be used on long term basis. So conclusion is that in these disease, the dose of allopathic medicines and disease gradually progresses and in addition due to the side effects of allopathic medicines, it is better that these diseases should be treated by Ayurvedic medicines

Dark Energy Nature in Logarithmic f(R,T)f(R,T) Cosmology

The present research paper is an investigation of dark energy nature of logarithmic $f(R, T)$-gravity cosmology in a flat FLRW space-time universe. We have derived modified Einstein's field equations for the function $f(R, T)=R-16\pi G\alpha\ln(T)$ where $R$ is the Ricci scalar curvature, $T$ is the trace of the stress energy momentum tensor and $\alpha$ is a model parameter. We have solved field equations in the form of two fluid scenario as perfect-fluid and dark-fluid, where dark fluid term is derived in the form of perfect fluid source. We have made an observational constraints on the cosmological parameters $\Omega_{(m)}, \omega^{(de)}$ and $H_{0}$ using $\chi^{2}$ test with observational datasets like Pantheon sample of SNe Ia and $H(z)$. With these constraints we have discussed our model with deceleration parameter $q$, energy parameters $\Omega_{(m)}, \Omega_{(de)}$, EoS parameter $\omega^{(de)}$ etc. Also, we have done Om diagnostic analysis. The derived $f(R, T)$ model shows a quintessence dark energy model $\omega^{(de)}>-1$ and late-time universe approaches to $\Lambda$CDM model.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Identification, Analysis & Empirical Validation (IAV) of Object Oriented Design (OO) Metrics as Quality Indicators

Metrics and Measure are closely inter-related to each other. Measure is defined as way of defining amount, dimension, capacity or size of some attribute of a product in quantitative manner while Metric is unit used for measuring attribute. Software quality is one of the major concerns that need to be addressed and measured. Object oriented (OO) systems require effective metrics to assess quality of software. The paper is designed to identify attributes and measures that can help in determining and affecting quality attributes. The paper conducts empirical study by taking public dataset KC1 from NASA project database. It is validated by applying statistical techniques like correlation analysis and regression analysis. After analysis of data, it is found that metrics SLOC, RFC, WMC and CBO are significant and treated as quality indicators while metrics DIT and NOC are not significant. The results produced from them throws significant impact on improving software quality

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF PRANAYAMA ON THE LUNGS

Yoga is a science which has been practised in India from over thousands of years. Besides the spiritual achievements, the practice of yoga is accompanied by a number of beneficial physiological effects in the body. Yoga and health goes hand in hand. Yoga calms and relaxes the mind and it strengthens and tunes the body and brings them into harmony with each another. Pranayama is an art of controlling the life force of breath [1]. It produces many systemic psycho-physical effects in the body, besides its specific effects on the respiratory functions. This study is designed to study the effects of pranayama (12 weeks) on the pulmonary function parameters. It is one of the best lifestyle modifications which have ever been devised in the history of mankind. There are many classical paths which have been described to reach the ultimate goal of healthy life. It is an ancient yoga technique, a spiritual and physical practice which integrates the mind and body. Pranayama is a type of yogic practice which produces many systemic psycho-physical effects in the body, besides its specific effects on the respiratory functions. So, it has become a standard fare at health clubs and community recreation programmes.Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are simple screening procedures which are performed by using a standardized equipment (spirometer) to measure the lung function. This test provides useful information about the minimum levels of the lung function. The breath holding time measures the level of the threshold of the respiratory center to the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide (Pco2) level.Pulmonary function tests have been studied in yoga and pranayama practitioners. They have shown that the regular practice of these pranayama techniques have proved to be beneficial for the human body. Pranayama has a favourable influence and it causes a marked improvement in the lung functions. This study is designed to study the effects of pranayama (12 weeks) on the pulmonary function parameters.In these clinical trial 60 patients of mild to moderate hypertensive patients were randomly selected and divided in to two groups. In each group 30 patients had taken. In Group A Pranayam had been given to the 30 patients of mild to moderate hypertensive patients and In Group B only placebo drug Prana had given to the 30 patients mild to moderate hypertensive patients. In all these two groups, group A was found as the most benefited because it showed significant changes in symptoms and Biochemistry investigations. Whereas in Group B (Placebo group) showed insignificant changes in symptoms as well as in Biochemistry investigations.    Key words-For Yoga- Pranayama, Yoga, Pulmonary Function Parameters FVC FEV1 FEF (25-75percent), and BHT For Hypertension-Vyan vikriti, vyan bala, Raktavritta vata, Raktagata vata, Dhamani Pratichaya, Siragata vata, Rasabhara, Dhamani Prapurnata, Vyanavrita vata etc. Â

Gene Discovery and Advances in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Genomics—An Important Nutri-Cereal of Future

The rapid strides in molecular marker technologies followed by genomics, and next generation sequencing advancements in three major crops (rice, maize and wheat) of the world have given opportunities for their use in the orphan, but highly valuable future crops, including finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]. Finger millet has many special agronomic and nutritional characteristics, which make it an indispensable crop in arid, semi-arid, hilly and tribal areas of India and Africa. The crop has proven its adaptability in harsh conditions and has shown resilience to climate change. The adaptability traits of finger millet have shown the advantage over major cereal grains under stress conditions, revealing it as a storehouse of important genomic resources for crop improvement. Although new technologies for genomic studies are now available, progress in identifying and tapping these important alleles or genes is lacking. RAPDs were the default choice for genetic diversity studies in the crop until the last decade, but the subsequent development of SSRs and comparative genomics paved the way for the marker assisted selection in finger millet. Resistance gene homologues from NBS-LRR region of finger millet for blast and sequence variants for nutritional traits from other cereals have been developed and used invariably. Population structure analysis studies exhibit 2-4 sub-populations in the finger millet gene pool with separate grouping of Indian and exotic genotypes. Recently, the omics technologies have been efficiently applied to understand the nutritional variation, drought tolerance and gene mining. Progress has also occurred with respect to transgenics development. This review presents the current biotechnological advancements along with research gaps and future perspective of genomic research in finger millet

A CLINICAL STUDY ON ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF STHAULYA AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH MEDOHAR COMPOUND

                                                                      ABSTRACTIn the present study total 75 subjects of Sthaulya were registered. Out of which 15 patients left against medical advice. Remaining 60 patients were treated in three therapeutic groups. In-group ‘A' 25 patients treated with Medohar vati in a dose of 1 gm. 3 times a day, with lukewarm water   before meal for 60 days. Whereas in group ‘B' 13 patients were treated with Iesabgol husk in a dose of 15 gm. 2 times a day with lukewarm water before meal for 60 days. While in group ‘C' 22 patients were treated with Navaka Guggulu in a dose of 1 gm 3 times a day with lukewarm water before meal for 60 days. On General Symptom Group A 56.47 %, Group B 58.18 % and in Group C 48.46 % relief was observed. On Associated Symptoms Group A 44.20 %, Group B 47.19 % and in Group C 35.14 % relief was observed. On Weight & BMI Group A 3.39 %, Group B 5.07 % and in Group C 2.28 % relief was observed. On Body Circumference Group A 3.51 %, Group B 2.87 % and in Group C 2.72 % relief was observed. On Skin Fold Thickness Group A 17.16 %, Group B 18.82 % and in Group C 10.63 % relief was observed. On Walking Time & Respiratory Rate Group A 17.13 %, Group B 20.13 % and in Group C 14.84 % relief was observed.If we see the overall effect of all three groups in total average improvement then we found that Group A 23.64 %, Group B 25.38 % and in Group C 19.01 % relief was observed.Key Words- Sthaulya,obesity and Medoroga etc

ROLE OF VILWADI YOGA AND PICHHA VASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRAVAHIKA

To study Pravahika on the basis of ayurvedic aetio-pathology and symptomatology along with modern aetiopathology.To evaluate the efficacy of Vilwadi yoga only in Pravahika.To evaluate the role of only vasti karma taking Pichha vasti for its management.To evaluate the efficacy of the both therapy when they are applied together.to evaluate the dietetic control in the management of pravahika. MethodThe patients of Pravahika were selected from O.P.D and I.P.D.of Shri N.P.A.Govt.ayurvedic College and Hospital, Raipur. After selection of patients they were randomly classified under three groups.1st group  was treated with the internal application of the compound drug i.e.Vilwadi Yoga, 2nd group was treated by shodhan therapy  i.e.Pichha Vasti and 3rd group was treated with both the applications. The required pathological investigation are done before and at intervals of 5 days after treatment for the each patient and noted carefully. The treatment continued for a minimum period of 15 days or that was extended for a further required period which was needful to the patient. At that time the result or efficacy of applications was observed carefully and those was noted for the further  analysis. At the time of treatment the patient was strictly advised to stay in specific diet that was pathya according to Ayurveda. In this period any other medicines were not administered to the patients.ResultIn this study out of 27 selected patients, 14 patients were treated by only vilwadi yoga whereas 7  and 6 patients were treated by pichha vasti and  by the both applications respectively. Out of 27 cases 18 cases (66.67) were cured, 7case (25.93) were highly improved, where as two cases (7.40%) were found in improved conditions. the improvement was higher in the group treated by vilwadi yoga and pichha vasti  both.ConclusionThe  this study none patients was reported as no response . Symptoms of these patients were recorded before and after the treatment in a specially prepared proforma for this purpose and these were analyzed after the treatment. No side effect or toxicity of the drug was observed during and after the treatment. Any types of complications of vasti chikitsa are also not seen. In this way, the clinical trials provides an encouraging result which proves the significant efficacy of Vilwadi  yoga and Pichha Vasti on Pravahika vis-à-vis all types of dysentery specially amoebic dysentery.Key words    Pravahika, vilwadi yoga, pichha vasti Â

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SHIVA GUGGULU AND SIMHANADA GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS)

Objective: Comparison of effectiveness of two drugs (Shiva Guggulu and Simhanada Guggulu in the same dose of both drug given separately in two different groupA and Group B) on patients of Amavata. Methods: Patients between 18-60 y of age with classical features of Amavata [9] from OPD and IPD of Government autonomous Ayurvedic College and Hospital were selected for the present work; irrespective of their sex, religion, education, etc. Detailed research Performa was prepared to incorporate all the signs and symptoms of the disease Amavata is the second most common joint disorders. Nowadays erroneous dietary habits, lifestyle and environment have led to various autoimmune disorders i.e. Amavisajanya Vikaara and Amavata is one among them. Rheumatoid arthritis can be correlated with Amavata in view of its clinical features. Many research studies have been done to solve this clinical enigma, but an effective, safe, less complicated treatment is still required for the management of Amavata. In the present study, 24 patients of Amavata were registered and randomly grouped into two. In group A, Shiva Guggulu 6 g/day in divided doses and in group B, Simhanada Guggulu 6 g/day in divided doses were given for 8 w. On analysis of the results, it was found that Simhanada Guggulu provided better results as compared to Shiva Guggulu in the management of Amavata. In group A, the mean score of grip strength was 1.14 before treatment, which was reduced to 0.57 after treatment, with 50% relief. It was statistically insignificant. The mean score of grip strength in group B was 2.4 before treatment, which was reduced to 1.5 after treatment, with 37.5% relief. It was statistically highly significant. Results: Before treatment the mean score of walking time in group A was 2, which was reduced to 1 after treatment, with 50% relief. It was statistically insignificant. The mean score of walking time in group B was 1.75 before treatment, which was reduced to 0.75 after treatment, with 45.71% relief. It was statistically significant. In group A, the mean score of foot pressure was 1 before treatment, which was decreased to 0.66 after treatment, with 33.33% relief. It was statistically insignificant. The mean score of foot pressure in group B was 2.3 before treatment, which was decreased to 1.4 after treatment with, 39.13% relief. It was statistically highly significant. In group A, the mean score of general functional capacity was 1.33 before treatment, which was reduced to 0.66 after treatment, with 50% relief. It was statistically highly significant. The mean score of general functional capacity in group B was 1.66 before treatment, which was reduced to 0.66 after treatment, with 60% relief and was statistically insignificant. In group A, the mean score of the degree of disease activity was 1.75 before treatment, which was reduced to 1 after treatment, with 42.85% relief. It was statistically highly significant. The mean score of the degree of disease activity in group B was 1.5 before treatment, which was reduced to 0.75 after treatment, with 50% relief. It was statistically significant. Regarding ESR value, the mean scores before treatment in A and B groups were 54.5 and 55.2, respectively, and they were reduced to 45.3 and 40.1, respectively, after treatment. Group A percentage relief was 16.88%, while in group B it was 27.35%. An apparent difference in improvement of all the cardinal symptoms was observed with the treatment. On comparing Group B proved to be better than Group A. Statistically highly significant difference was found in the improvement of Sandhigraha and statistically significant difference was found in the improvement of Sandhishoola and Sparshasahyata by Simhanada Guggulu than Shiva Guggulu, whereas insignificant difference was observed in the improvement of Sandhishotha. So, from the obtained data it may be inferred that group B is more effective than groupA. Conclusion: It was observed from the treatment that Simhanada Guggulu provided comparatively better relief in cardinal signs and symptoms of Amavata. Keywords: Agni, Ama, Amavata, Rheumatoid arthritis, Shiva Guggulu, Simhanada Guggul

Combining Ascochyta blight and Botrytis grey mould resistance in chickpea through interspecific hybridization

Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. and Botrytis grey mould (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.) are important diseases of the aerial plant parts of chickpea in most chickpea growing areas of the world. Although conventional approaches have contributed to reducing disease, the use of new technologies is expected to further reduce losses through these biotic stresses. Reliable screening techniques were developed: ‘field screening technique’ for adult plant screening, ‘cloth chamber technique’ and ‘growth chamber technique’ for the study of races of the pathogen and for segregating generations. Furthermore, the ‘cut twig technique’ for interspecific population for AB and BGM resistance was developed. For introgression of high levels of AB and BGM resistance in cultivated chickpea from wild relatives, accessions of seven annual wild Cicer spp. were evaluated and identified: C. judaicum accessions 185, ILWC 95 and ILWC 61, C. pinnatifidum accessions 188, 199 and ILWC 212 as potential donors. C. pinnatifidum accession188 was crossed with ICCV 96030 and 62 F9 lines resistant to AB and BGM were derived. Of the derived lines, several are being evaluated for agronomic traits and yield parameters while four lines, GL 29029, GL29206, GL29212, GL29081 possessing high degree of resistance were crossed with susceptible high yielding cultivars BG 256 to improve resistance and to undertake molecular studies. Genotyping of F2 populations with SSR markers from the chickpea genome was done to identify markers potentially linked with AB and BGM resistance genes. In preliminary studies, of 120 SSR markers used, six (Ta 2, Ta 110, Ta 139, CaSTMS 7, CaSTMS 24 and Tr 29) were identified with polymorphic bands between resistant derivative lines and the susceptible parent. The study shows that wild species of Cicer are the valuable gene pools of resistance to AB and BGM. The resistant derivative lines generated here can serve as good pre-breeding material and markers identified can assist in marker assisted selection for resistance breeding

Combining Ascochyta blight and Botrytis grey mould resistance in chickpea through interspecific hybridization

Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. and Botrytis grey mould (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.) are important diseases of the aerial plant parts of chickpea in most chickpea growing areas of the world. Although conventional approaches have contributed to reducing disease, the use of new technologies is expected to further reduce losses through these biotic stresses. Reliable screening techniques were developed: ‘field screening technique’ for adult plant screening, ‘cloth chamber technique’ and ‘growth chamber technique’ for the study of races of the pathogen and for segregating generations. Furthermore, the ‘cut twig technique’ for interspecific population for AB and BGM resistance was developed. For introgression of high levels of AB and BGM resistance in cultivated chickpea from wild relatives, accessions of seven annual wild Cicer spp. were evaluated and identified: C. judaicum accessions 185, ILWC 95 and ILWC 61, C. pinnatifidum accessions 188, 199 and ILWC 212 as potential donors. C. pinnatifidum accession188 was crossed with ICCV 96030 and 62 F9 lines resistant to AB and BGM were derived. Of the derived lines, several are being evaluated for agronomic traits and yield parameters while four lines, GL 29029, GL29206, GL29212, GL29081 possessing high degree of resistance were crossed with susceptible high yielding cultivars BG 256 to improve resistance and to undertake molecular studies. Genotyping of F2 populations with SSR markers from the chickpea genome was done to identify markers potentially linked with AB and BGM resistance genes. In preliminary studies, of 120 SSR markers used, six (Ta 2, Ta 110, Ta 139, CaSTMS 7, CaSTMS 24 and Tr 29) were identified with polymorphic bands between resistant derivative lines and the susceptible parent. The study shows that wild species of Cicer are the valuable gene pools of resistance to AB and BGM. The resistant derivative lines generated here can serve as good pre-breeding material and markers identified can assist in marker assisted selection for resistance breeding