Torsional Interaction Studies on a Power System Compensated by SSSC and Fixed Capacitor

In this paper, a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), along with a fixed capacitor, is used to avoid torsional mode instability in a series compensated transmission system. A 48-step harmonic neutralized inverter is used for the realization of the SSSC. The system under consideration is the IEEE first benchmark model on SSR analysis. The system stability is studied both through eigenvalue analysis and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation studies. It is shown that the combination of the SSSC and the fixed capacitor improves the synchronizing power coefficient. The presence of the fixed capacitor ensures increased damping of small signal oscillations. At higher levels of fixed capacitor compensation, a damping controller is required to stabilize the torsional modes of SSR

H2S paper strip method - A bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various temperatures

Epidemics arising from waterborne diseases are a global health problem. Faecal contamination of drinking water is the main cause of these outbreaks. According to WHO (1996) for drinking water to be safe, a 100 ml sample should not contain any coliform bacteria. The standard methods currently used for routine testing have many limitations especially when applied in remote areas. The H2S method has been developed as an on-site, inexpensive and easy to use method to test drinking water for remote and rural areas. The present work analyses the reliability of the H2S method for detecting faecal contamination in drinking water. The minimum level of faecal coliforms that could be detected and the incubation period required at various levels of contamination were studied. The range of temperatures at which the method was effective and the incubation period required at various temperatures were also determined. The H2S method was found to be able to detect contamination down to a level of 1 CFU/100 ml of coliform bacteria. Although the H2S method could be used at a temperature range of 20 to 44oC, temperatures between 28 to 37oC gave faster results. An incubation period of only 24 hours was required at 37oC, which was found to be the most suitable incubation temperature. The incubation period increased with a decrease or increase in temperature

Tuna fisheries of India

Tunas constitute 3.7% of the total commercial pelagic Jin fish production of the country (Av. 1992-96: 1,14.1067 t). The dominant species which support tuna fishery in the small scale sector in India are Euthynnus afflnls. Auxis thazard, A. rochel, Thunnus tonggol, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares and Sarda orlentalls. Of the total tuna catch (Av. 1992-96: 41,978 t). 77.6% has been landed from, the west coast, 16.8% from the east coast 5% from the Lakshadweep and 0.5% from the Andaman & Nicobar islands. The status of production of different tuna species in India and their environmental preference are summarised. Biological features such as food and feeding habits, age and growth, size at first maturity, spawning and fecundity are briefly discussed. Trends in the production of tunas along the mainland coast of India and Lakshadweep, population parameters and the results of stock assessment are presented briefly. Suggestions for future research and options for tuna fishery development in India are also discussed. The present communication is a review of the works done during the past fifty years and discusses the present status and future strategy of tuna fisheries research and development in India

तटीय संपदाओं में स्कोम्ब्रोइड मछलियों का महत्व और विदोहन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Pelagic fisheries resources of India- An overview

The annual pelagic fish production increased from 0.30 million t during 1950 to 1.2 million t during 1996 along the Indian coast. The four fold increase in production was due to mechanisation, motorisation of the country crafts, introduction of larger mechanised boats etc. Kerala ranked first among the maritime states of India, contributing 31% of the total pelagic fish followed by Gujarat (13.7%)and Tamil Nadu (13.0%). Out of the 250 species that contribute to the pelagic fisheries, only about 60 species belonging to 7 groups form fisheries of substantial magnitude. The groups which exceed one lakh t in production per year were mackerel, oil sardine, anchovies, carangids and Bombay duck. The fluctuations in the landings of oil sardine and Indian mackerel and the gear-wise production of pelagics are discussed in the paper. Suitable management measures and suggestions for future research priorities for sustaining the pelagic fisheries have suggested in this overview

भारत की वेलापवर्ति मात्स्यिकी संपदाओं का विदोहन, परिरक्षण और प्रबंधन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Gender inequality in Japan: analyzing preliminary findings from a US investment bank

Inequality occurs in every labor market, and in most nations, males expect to be paid more for producing the same work as females. This is a widely held belief in high, low context, and sophisticated cultures. This paper aims to determine the level of gender inequality at a Japanese subsidiary of a U.S. investment bank based in Japan. The research seeks to discover how women are seen and whether they are constrained in terms of equality and advancement. Semi structured interviews are used to interpret qualitative data transcribed and categorized 23 female Japanese workers’ comments. Inequality has been revealed. Despite having greater education and experience, women were seen negatively by male co-workers. The investigation also revealed a ‘glass ceiling.’ The study included 23 female interviews, not limiting generalization and transferability. Change in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) should concentrate on increasing workplace equity and inclusion. MNEs might use dual-role women as role models. This study’s conclusions benefit researchers, employers, and Japanese employees seeking jobs in U.S. investment banks

Functional outcome of open reduction and internal fixation of clavicle fracture

Background: Clavicle fracture is one of common bony injury; which is more common in young active individual. It has been traditionally treated with non-operative method. This present study was undertaken to study the role of the surgical management in the fresh middle third clavicle fracture.Methods: 30 adult patients (21 male and 9 female) of average age of 32 years presented with fresh middle third clavicle fracture and treated surgically with open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws and followed. Study conducted between November 2011 to November 2012.Results: In 27 patients fracture were united at end of 12 weeks, in 2 patients fracture were united at end of 24 weeks and 1 patient went for non-union. One patient had superficial infection. None had deep infection. One patient had plate loosening at 4week but fracture was united at the end of 24 weeks. 2 patients had persistent pain which is controlled with occasional analgesic but not effecting ordinary work. One patient had gross restriction of shoulder movement. Functional outcome assessed according to near shoulder scoring system. 24 patients had excellent result, 4 patients had satisfactory result, 1 patient had unsatisfactory result and 1patients had failure.Conclusions: The study showed rigid fixation with plate and screw for fresh middle third clavicle fracture especially displaced and comminuted give immediate pain relief and prevent the development of shoulder stiffness &non-union and give good functional outcome.

Compartment pressure changes after closed fractures of tibia

Background: Compartment syndrome is a potentially devastating situation. Raised intracompartmental pressure has been implicated as the primary pathogenic factor in compartment syndrome. The purpose of the study was early detection of compartment syndrome and corroborating the findings with other physical signs and symptoms, to prevent the onset of ischaemia and subsequent tissue changes that lead to crippling deformities.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Pushpagiri medical college hospital, Thiruvalla over a period of 12 months.  Closed fractures of tibia admitted to the casualty unit within 36 hours of injury were selected for the study. A total of 24 patients were included with the majority in the age group of 31– 45 years. Whitesides technique was used to measure the compartment pressure. A differential pressure of less than 30 mm Hg was taken as the criterion for diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Results: The present study included 24 patients with affected 25 limbs.15 out of 25 limbs were with lower third fractures (60%) followed by upper third 6 (24%) and middle third 4 (16%). Out of 25 limbs 20 cases (80%) had associated fracture of fibula and 5 (20%) were not associated. In this study, out of 32% cases with increased compartment pressure, one case with upper third fracture (above 45 mm Hg) and one of the case with middle third fracture (20-30 mm Hg) with associated fibula had underwent immediate fasciotomy.Conclusion: Compartment pressure measurement is a very good index for predicting and preventing compartment syndrome. Fasciotomy to fully decompress all involved compartments is the definitive treatment for compartment syndrome in the great majority of cases. Delays in performing fasciotomy increase morbidity

Effect of early protected weight bearing in fractures of shaft of femur

Background: Fracture shaft of femur is a common and major musculoskeletal injury and in most of the cases the patients are immediately brought to hospitals for specialist orthopaedic management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early protected weight bearing in fractures of shaft of femur.Methods: This was observational study conducted on 35 patient’s hospital with transverse fracture mid-shaft of femur, between March 2007 and July 2011. Patients with high velocity trauma, with transverse fracture of mid shaft of femur amenable to closed reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing and otherwise healthy individuals were included in this study. The preoperative parameters were recorded included age, gender, side of the fracture and medical history. All patients were operated on second day of admission.Results: A total of 35 consecutive cases were included, 34 patients were males and 1 was female. In 74% cases closed intramedullary nailing given excellent healing of fracture, in 14% cases healing was good, in 6% cases it was average and 6% cases poor healing was observed.Conclusions: Our study demonstrate that this method provides anatomical reduction and maintenance of femur length and early ambulation which promotes fracture healing by a stable internal fixation allowing micro motion at fracture site enhancing callous formation