Application of a colloid solution of selenium nanoparticles in diabetes in experiment

The article deal is effectiveness of the use of a colloidal solution of selenium in type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats according to morphometry and biochemical tests. In rats of the main group treated with a colloidal solution of selenium, the glucose level was 15.72% lower, the level of glycated hemoglobin by 17.92% than in the control group. Morphometric studies of the islet apparatus of the pancreas revealed a tendency to increase the area and cellularity of pancreatic isletsВ статье рассмотрена эффективность применения коллоидного раствора селена при сахарном диабете первого типа у крыс по данным морфометрии и биохимических тестов. У крыс основной группы, получавших коллоидный раствор селена, уровень глюкозы оказался на 15,72 % ниже, уровень гликированного гемоглобина на 17,92 % чем в контрольной группе. Морфометрические исследования островкового аппарата поджелудочной железы выявили тенденцию к увеличению площади и клеточности панкреатических островков

IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR THE AEROALLERGIC SITUATION FORECASTING WHICH IS CAUSED BY RAGWEED POLLEN IN ZAPORIZHZHYA

In recent years, scientists from many countries have paid considerable attention to the monitoring and forecasting of the aeroallergic situation. Their main purpose is to reduce the risk of allergic reactions in the population caused by pollen of anemophilic plants. Now one of the most dangerous and aggressive anemophilic plant is Ambrosia. Its pollen on the scale of allergenicity has 5 points the maximum level. That is why it is very important to control the factors of seasonal allergy and to build a system of preventive measures that will help to awoid the risk of hay fever developing caused by Ambrosia pollen. However, in order to correctly and more accurately prediction the aeroallergic situation caused by ragweed pollen, it is necessary to take into account the influence of various meteorological factors on the change in the number of pollen grains in the atmospheric air. The aim of the study. To improve the methods of forecasting and prevention of aeroallergic situation caused by Ambrosia pollen. The objects and methods of research. The object of the study was the dynamics of Ambrosia pollen concentration in the atmospheric air of Zaporizhzhya. For pollen sampling we used hand-made volumetric spore tap prototype of which vas sampler of the Hirst design. A scotch tape is wound up around the drum and catches the particles. The drum has to be changed every 7 days. The scotch tape is cut into daily sections, which are transferred to microscopic slides. We analyzed samples routinely by the means of a light microscope at magnifications ? 40 using vertical transvers reading method. Observation results were processed using the STATISTICA® for Windows 6.0 licensed software package. Research results and their discussion. We used data of pollen monitoring in our city from 2006 to 2016. The dependence of maximal pollen concentrations on meteorological conditions was revealed. An algorithm for prediction of a dangerous aeroallergic situation was developed. An algorithm based on a comprehensive analysis of meteorological changes taking into account the potential of ragweed plants. The correlation coefficient between the amount of airborne amber dust pollutants and pollutant emissions in 2017 was 0.53, and in 2018 it was 0.66. In 2018, most peak concentrations were predicted correctly. But in early August the pollen concentration in the atmospheric air was very low. The increase was observed only after the 20th of August. The highest concentrations of ragweed pollen were recorded on September 6-7, when the amount of pollen is usually reduced. Comparing these data with meteorological conditions, it can be noted that the year 2018 was abnormal. The hot and quiet weather in August, along with the strong winds of the eastern direction in early September, did not coincide with the prediction algorithm settings. During this pollination period we saw an increase in the number of patients due to the presence of more Ambrosia pollen in the air of our city than in previous years. But it should also be noted that in the overall pollen spectrum, the proportion of ragweed decreases, which proves the effectiveness of this plant control methods. Conclusion. The correlation between the Ambrosia pollen forecasting in the air of Zaporozhye and the available quantity was 0.66. In September there was an unpredictable increase in the amount of pollen, which was due to abnormal weather conditions in August and September this year. In the overall pollen spectrum of Zaporizhia, the proportion of ragweed decreases, which indicates the effectiveness of the measures taken to destroy this quarantine plant

The Role of the Patriarch Hermogenes Written Applications in Organization of Zemstvo Militia, 1611

The article deals with a controversial issue in historical science about what specific role played by the Patriarch Hermogenes in the organization of the zemstvo movement during the Interregnum, at the beginning of the folding of the national militia at the end of December 1610 - January 1611. Researchers have repeatedly addressed this issue, since the first half of the XIX century, offering his vision and interpretation of information from sources, but so far the question of the existence of the patriarch of letters remains open. Unlike many conflicting evidence of narrative sources, the County assembly material correspondence deposited in the archive Solikamsk, gives us a ton more information. Analyzing the correspondence, we can trace what information and documents the city received sequentially from Nizhny Novgorod and then to the North and Siberia, as the correspondence was in XVI - XVII century in Muscovy. The correspondence contains the only mention of the patriarch of the charters, but in any document, we do not find even a brief retelling of their content, as was the case with other documents, which came on the ground during this period. Moreover, there are specific indications that the first two letters of the district from Smolensk and Moscow residents actually called “letters of the patriarch.” Comparison of evidence leads us to date the letter from Smolensk time drawing no earlier than December 29, 1610 and to refute the assumption of its of fake origin. Thus, Hermogenes, obviously, did not write letters on his behalf, but called for a protest against the Polish- Lithuanian interventionists in public speeches, personal contacts with fiduciaries messengers and sent the first two letters of initiative

Granular Aluminum kinetic inductance nonlinearity

Granular Aluminum is a superconductor known for more than eighty years, which recently found its application in qubits, microwave detectors and compact resonators, due to its high kinetic inductance, critical magnetic field and critical current. Here we report on the nonlinear dependence of granular Aluminum inductance on current, which hints towards parametric amplification of the microwave signal in granular Aluminum films. The phase shift of the microwave signal reached 4 radians at a frequency of 7 GHz, which makes it possible to estimate the nonlinearity of the system as 1.4 % and the potential gain of the order of 17 dBComment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Displaying Reversible Photoswitching in Water and Neuronal Activity

The interest in the photochromism and functional applications of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) soared in recent years owing to their outstanding advantages and flexible design. However, their low solubility and irreversible conversion in aqueous solutions hampered exploring DASAs for biology and medicine. It is notably unknown whether the barbiturate electron acceptor group retains the pharmacological activity of drugs such as phenobarbital, which targets γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-type A receptors (GABAARs) in the brain. Here, we have developed the model compound DASA-barbital based on a scaffold of red-switching second-generation DASAs, and we demonstrate that it is active in GABAARs and alters the neuronal firing rate in a physiological medium at neutral pH. DASA-barbital can also be reversibly photoswitched in acidic aqueous solutions using cyclodextrin, an approved ingredient of drug formulations. These findings clarify the path toward the biological applications of DASAs and to exploit the versatility displayed in polymers and materials science

Orthogonal Control of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Using Photopharmacology

Over the last decades, photopharmacology has gone far beyond its proof-of-concept stage to become a bona fide approach to study neural systems in vivo. Indeed, photopharmacological control has expanded over a wide range of endogenous targets, such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, kinases, lipids, and DNA transcription processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progresses in the in vivo photopharmacological control of neuronal circuits and behavior. In particular, the use of small aquatic animals for the in vivo screening of photopharmacological compounds, the recent advances in optical modulation of complex behaviors in mice, and the development of adjacent techniques for light and drug delivery in vivo are described

A novel GABAA receptor ligand derivative that photoswitches with red light

A balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission occurs in the central nervous system of mammals. Inhibition is mediated by two fast transmitters, glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA released from presynaptic terminals activates ligand-gated ion channel receptors (GABAArs), which are present in all organisms with a neuronal system. GABAArs constitute a key target for pharmacology since many neurodegenerative and age-related diseases result in changes in pre- and post-synaptic GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Drugs acting as positive allosteric modulators (PAM) or agonists of GABAAr have been effectively used as sedatives, anxiolytics, hypnotics and anticonvulsants to treat the symptoms of epilepsy, migraines and used for anesthesia during surgery. However, when applied systemically, these drugs give rise to numerous side effects and cause addiction. The possibility to spatiotemporally control neuronal activity with light-regulated drugs is a powerful capacity of photopharmacology. This emerging field of pharmacology allows mimicking the complex activity patterns of cell-to-cell communication thanks to the use of photoswitchable drugs and controlled light stimulation. A key step forward in the field is the possibility to address the photochromic conversion in the drug molecule with a low energy light, which is less scattered in tissue and can penetrate deeper in the body, and in the brain in particular. In this regard, a proper molecular structure should be designed to ensure a photoconversion with light in the region of red and infrared light, that effectively enabling remote photoswitching by non-invasive illumination. Here, we will present the molecular design of a novel GABAAr ligand derivative displaying photochromic properties with red light, and will discuss the synthetic procedure, the characterization of its chemical and photoisomerization properties in polar and aqueous solvents, and its photopharmacological properties

Subunit-specific photocontrol of glycine receptors by azobenzene-nitrazepam photoswitcher

Photopharmacology is a unique approach that through a combination of photochemistry methods and advanced life science techniques allows the study and control of specific biological processes, ranging from intracellular pathways to brain circuits. Recently, a first photochromic channel blocker of anion-selective GABAA receptors, the azobenzene-nitrazepam-based photochromic compound (Azo-NZ1), has been described. In the present study, using patch-clamp technique in heterologous system and in mice brain slices, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling we provide evidence of the interaction of Azo-NZ1 with glycine receptors (GlyRs) and determine the molecular basis of this interaction. Glycinergic synaptic neurotransmission determines an important inhibitory drive in the vertebrate nervous system and plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal circuits in the spinal cord and brain stem. GlyRs are involved in locomotion, pain sensation, breathing, and auditory function, as well as in the development of such disorders as hyperekplexia, epilepsy, and autism. Here, we demonstrate that Azo-NZ1 blocks in a UV-dependent manner the activity of a2 GlyRs (GlyR2), while being barely active on a1 GlyRs (GlyR1). The site of Azo-NZ1 action is in the chloride-selective pore of GlyR at the 2’ position of transmembrane helix 2 and amino acids forming this site determine the difference in Azo-NZ1 blocking activity between GlyR2 and GlyR1. This subunit-specific modulation is also shown on motoneurons of brainstem slices from neonatal mice that switch during development from expressing “fetal” GlyR2 to “adult” GlyR1 receptors