Design and implementation of a tool for teaching programming

Recently, computers have been widely used in almost all fields of education. Our approach to computer aided education is mainly concerned with programming. Here, it is intended to teach the Pascal language for problem solving in a visual manner. In this project, we have used an object oriented approach for the implementation of an educational tool for programming. The paper mainly discusses the topics related to computer aided education, user interface, object oriented programming and ongoing research related to the project. © 1989

The Role of Primary Surgery in De Novo Metastatic Breast Carcinoma

Approximately 6-10% of all breast carcinoma is metastatic at diagnosis, termed de novo metastatic breast carcinoma (dnMBC). Systemic therapy remains the first line of treatment in dnMBC, but there is growing evidence that adjuvant locoregional treatment (LRT) of the primary tumor increases progression-free and overall survival (OS). Although selection bias may exist, real-world data from nearly half a million patients show that patients are undergoing primary tumor removal because of the survival benefit. The main question for the advocates for LRT in this patient population is not whether primary surgery is beneficial in dnMBC patients, but rather who is a good candidate for it. Oligometastatic disease (OMD) is a distinct subset of dnMBC that affects a limited number of organs. A better OS can be achieved with LRT in breast cancer patients, especially in those with OMD, bone only, or favorable subtypes. Though there is currently no consensus among breast care specialists on how to treat dnMBC patients, primary surgery for dnMBC should be taken into consideration for a subset of patients following an extensive multidisciplinary discussion. © Copyright 2023 by the Turkish Federation of Breast Diseases Societies / European Journal of Breast Health published by Galenos Publishing House.38. Soran A, Soyder A, Ozbas S, Ozmen V, Karanlik H, Igci A, et al. Breast Health Working Group International (supported by the Turkish Federation of Breast Disease Societies). The role of loco-regional treatment in long-term quality of life in de novo stage IV breast cancer patients: protocol MF07-01Q. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29: 3823-3830. (PMID: 33242163) [Crossref

Propagation measurements and simulations for millimeter-wave mobile access in a busy urban environment

The authors have performed 60 GHz wideband channel measurements in Berlin to gain knowledge on millimeter-wave outdoor propagation in dense urban environments. In this paper first results for a street canyon are presented, focusing on path loss analysis of the line-of-sight-dominant small-cell access channel. They reveal that the local area path loss is very close to free-space propagation. Reflected paths do not contribute significantly to the received power as long as the line of sight (LOS) is unobstructed. However, they are usually strong enough to maintain a link if the LOS is blocked. The dominant multipath contributions can also be predicted by ray tracing simulations, though further calibration is needed to accurately determine their strength

Subcode-Based Early HARQ for 5G

Tactile Internet (TI) constitutes one of the major use cases for the development of the fifth generation (5G) mobile specification. TI services put high demand on the latency and reliability requirement, which is covered in the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) discussion in 5G standardization. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) is used in LTE to achieve high robustness in an efficient way with the cost of introducing additional latency. In this paper, we propose a new early HARQ scheme based on LDPC subcodes (SC E- HARQ), which enables to provide faster feedback and thus an earlier retransmission. The SC E-HARQ technique makes use of substructures in LDPC codes to start feedback calculation already on partially received codewords. This paper investigates the performance of SC E-HARQ in comparison with a second E-HARQ scheme based on log-likelihood ratio (LLR) estimation. The results show that SC E-HARQ achieves a comparable reliability to regular HARQ. In SNR regions relevant for URLLC, it clearly outperforms also the LLR-based E-HARQ in means of reliability as well as latency. Sub-millisecond latency with a total block error rate (BLER) of less than 10 -4 is attained in TDL-C by allowing 1% false negative retransmissions