Effects of Health-Related Knowledge and Aerobic Exercise on Lower Secondary School Students' Obesity Awareness and Physical Activity Levels

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of health-related knowledge and aerobic exercise on lower secondary school students' obesity awareness and physical activity levels. A total of 50 obese and 20 normal-weight female students, ranging in age from 12-14 (mean 12.10±1.7), participated in the study. Obesity awareness was determined using the Obesity Awareness Scale, which also incorporates awareness of nutrition and physical activity. Physical activity levels were determined using a pedometer. The participants were divided into one obese experimental group and 2 control groups, obese and normal weight. The obese experimental group received instruction in health and nutrition and followed an aerobic exercise program, while the control groups received no such instruction and did not participate in an exercise program. The health education program was conducted once a week, while the aerobic exercise program was performed three times a week, with each session lasting 45-60 minutes. At the conclusion of the study, the obesity awareness, nutrition awareness, and physical activity awareness scores of the students in the obese experimental group increased significantly compared to those of the obese control and normal control groups. Similarly, the physical activity levels of the students in the obese control group increased with respect to those of the obese and normal-weight control groups. These findings suggest that health-related knowledge and aerobic exercise were effective in increasing obesity awareness and the physical activity levels of lower secondary school students

Effects of Health-Related Knowledge and Aerobic Exercise on Lower Secondary School Students' Obesity Awareness and Physical Activity Levels

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of health-related knowledge and aerobic exercise on lower secondary school students' obesity awareness and physical activity levels. A total of 50 obese and 20 normal-weight female students, ranging in age from 12-14 (mean 12.10±1.7), participated in the study. Obesity awareness was determined using the Obesity Awareness Scale, which also incorporates awareness of nutrition and physical activity. Physical activity levels were determined using a pedometer. The participants were divided into one obese experimental group and 2 control groups, obese and normal weight. The obese experimental group received instruction in health and nutrition and followed an aerobic exercise program, while the control groups received no such instruction and did not participate in an exercise program. The health education program was conducted once a week, while the aerobic exercise program was performed three times a week, with each session lasting 45-60 minutes. At the conclusion of the study, the obesity awareness, nutrition awareness, and physical activity awareness scores of the students in the obese experimental group increased significantly compared to those of the obese control and normal control groups. Similarly, the physical activity levels of the students in the obese control group increased with respect to those of the obese and normal-weight control groups. These findings suggest that health-related knowledge and aerobic exercise were effective in increasing obesity awareness and the physical activity levels of lower secondary school students

The Determinants of Social Anxiety in Lower Secondary Education Student Athletes: A Case of Competitive Swimming Environment

Social anxiety disorder is a common psychological problem that may negatively impact the cognitive and social development of children. Its severity may, however, be reduced through regular participation in sports or other physical activity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between competitive student-athlete swimmers' social anxiety levels and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and BMI), body composition (body fat and lean body mass), and body type (ectomorph, endomorph, or mesomorph). The participants were pre-adolescent female (n = 160) and male (n = 146) lower secondary education student-athlete swimmers. The Social Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate their social anxiety levels, while the anthropometric parameters included height and weight, from which BMI was calculated. Body composition involved determining the percentage of body fat and lean body mass; ectomorphic, endomorphic, and mesomorphic values were then calculated. We found that the social anxiety levels of both female and male student-athlete swimmers were low. There was no statistically significant relationship between the social anxiety levels of the male and female student-athlete swimmers with BMI (rs = -.002), lean body mass (rs = -.017), or ectomorphy (rs = -.006) (p > .05 for all). For the female swimmers, social anxiety levels were not associated with body fat (rs = .116), endomorphy (rs = .067), or mesomorphy (rs = .032), nor were those of the male student-athlete swimmers (rs = .005, rs= .065, and rs= -.001, respectively) (p > .05 for all). These findings suggest that participation in competitive swimming during adolescence is effective in controlling social anxiety. Furthermore, this study revealed that social anxiety is not associated with lower secondary education student-athlete swimmers’ anthropometric measurements, body composition, or body type

Different Cases, Different Manifestations of Post-COVID-19 Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Series

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a procoagulant disease that increases the risk of clinically evident thrombotic complications. Herein we present 3 cases with different retinal artery occlusions that emerged soon after the diagnosis of COVID-19. The first patient had central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) that resulted in visual loss in one eye. The second patient had inflammatory peripheral retinal artery occlusion, vasculitis, and uveitis which did not affect vision. The third patient presented with CRAO following the progression from orbital cellulitis to orbital apex syndrome. Interestingly, CRAO progressed to internal carotid artery occlusion in this case within days and resulted in monocular visual loss. Variations in the underlying pathophysiology and the characteristics of individual immune responses in patients with COVID-19 may be factors that determine differences in clinical manifestations. This article aims to describe different presentations of COVID-19-related retinal artery occlusions and discuss possible pathophysiological aspects

The efficacy of cinacalcet in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

WOS: 000393291900012OBJECTIVE: Cinacalcet reduces parathyroid hormone levels by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid gland to calcium. in this study, we firstly aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cinacalcet in Turkish hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 4483 hemodialysis patients were screened and 469 patients who had used cinacalcet were included in the study. the patients were divided into 4 groups according to drug usage durations (Group 1: 3 months, Group 2: 6 months, Group 3: 9 months and Group 4: 12 months). the patients' Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP levels at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months were compared to the start of treatment and previous months. RESULTS: the levels of Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP significantly decreased compared to their initial levels in all groups (from 1412 pg/ml to 1222 pg/mL for Parathormone, p< 0,001) in the 3rd month. However, this reduction was not continued in the subsequent months (Parathormone: 1381 pg/ml for the 12th month). CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet may not provide adequate benefit in control of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

The relationship between thyroid hormones, somatomedin-C (IGF-1), anabolic hormones and the severity of disease in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) sigara içiminin yaygınlaşmasıyla beraber günümüzde önemli bir mortalite ve morbidite nedeni haline gelmiştir. KOAH'ın sistemik bir hastalık olduğu, oluşan hipoksinin birçok sistemi etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda KOAH'lı olgularda tiroid hormonlarının, somatomedin-C (İnsülin Like Growth Faktör [IGF-1]) düzeylerinin ve anabolizan hormonların hastalığın ağırlık derecesi ile ilişkisin! araştırdık. Çalışmaya 61 KOAH olgusu alındı. Endokrinolojik hastalığı olan, tedavisinde sistemik steroid kullanılan, enfeksiyon tablosu (ateş, lökositoz, göğüs röntgenografisinde konsolidasyon alanı) olan olgular çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Kontrol grubunu; herhangi bir hastalığı bulunmayan 20 sağlıklı olgu oluşturdu. Olguların aynı gün içinde arteryel kan gazları ve hormon düzeyleri için kanları alınarak, solunum fonksiyon testleri yapıldı. Çalışmamızda ölçülen hormon düzeyleri hasta grup (Grup 1) ile kontrol grubu (Grup 2) arasında karşılaştırıldı. Çalışma ve kontrol gruplarının tiroid hormon değerleri incelendiğinde TSH ve serbest T3 düzeylerinde anlamlı fark bulunmaz iken, çalışma grubunda serbest T4 düzeyi istatiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek saptandı (p< 0.01). Çalışmaya alınan iki grup IGF-1 ve progesteron serum düzeyleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında KOAH'lı olgu grubundaki değerler kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı düşük saptandı (p< 0.05). KOAH'lı olgular kendi içlerinde Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) kriterlerine uygun olarak 3 gruba ayrılarak karşılaştırıldığında hafif ve orta derecede KOAH'lı olgularla çok ağır KOAH'lı olgular arasında pO₂, pCO₂, serbest T3 ve IGF-1 düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p< 0.05). IGF-1 düzeyleri ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), serbest T3 ve Dehidroepiandrosteron sülfat (DHEA-S) düzeyleri arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p< 0.05). Korelasyon analizlerinde hipoksi ile serbest testesteron düzeyleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p< 0.05). Sonuç olarak KOAH'lı olgularda hastalığın ağırlık derecesine göre hormon düzeylerinde değişiklikler olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Bu sonuca dayanılarak hormon replasman tedavilerinin KOAH'lı olguların tedavisinde yer alabileceği düşünüldü. Bunu saptamak için daha geniş hasta grupiarının olduğu çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.COPD is a well known cause of mortality and morbiditiy, since smoking has become increasingly more prevalant. As COPD is a systemic disease hypoxia is thought to affect many systems. Therefore we investigated the relationship between the severity of the disease and levels of thyroid hormones, IGF-1 and anabolic hormones. In this study 61 COPD cases were enrolled. Patients with endocrinological problems, on systemic steroid therapy or with infectious signs (fever, leucocytosis, consolidation area in PA chest roentgenogram) were excluded. Control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. Arterial oxygenation and hormon level measurements were taken on the same day together with respiratory function tests. In our study the measured hormone levels were compared between patient group (Group 1) and control group (Group 2). There was no significant difference among TSH and free T 3 levels, with regard to thyroid hormone levels, between patient and control group, whereas free T4 levels were significantly high in patient group. Statisticaly significant difference was found between mean values of IGF -1 and progesteron levels when the goups were compared (p<0.005). When 3 groups, classified according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria, were compared to each other, there was significant difference between mild - moderate COPD cases and severe patients with respect to pO₂, pCO₂, free T3 and IGF-1 levels. Correlation analysis of COPD cases were performed. IGF-1 levels correlated with body mass index (BMI), free T3 and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) positively. We found positive correlation between hypoxia and free testesterone levels ( p<0.005 ). As a result we noted in COPD patients changes in hormone levels according to the severity of the disease. Therefore we think that in future hormone replacement therapies may take part in COPD manegement. Thus further extended studies are required

Investigation of respiratory physiopathology by determination of pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation dynamics in chronic lung diseases

Kronik akciğer hastalıklarında pulmoner gaz değişimi ve ventilasyon dinamiklerini incelemek amacıyla bu araştırma amaçlanmıştır. Kronik akciğer hastalıklarının toplumda en sık rastlanılanı olması sebepiyle Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) olan olgular ile akciğer kanseri eşlik ettiği zaman olan değişiklikler ve restriktif paternde solunum yetmezliğine neden olan interstisyel akciğer hastalığı prototiplerinden olan idiyopatik pulmoner fibrozisli olgular hem solunum fonksiyon testleri hem de kardiyopulmoner egzersiz testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ventilasyon volümleri, anaerobik eşik ile ilişkili olarak üç hastalık durumunda fark olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Göğüs Hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran KOAH’lı (Grup 1) 10, akciğer kanserli (Grup 2) 9 ve idiyopatik pulmoner fibrozisli (Grup 3) 8 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Grupların yaş ortalamaları sırasıyla 65,00 ± 3,17; 66,67 ± 2,70 ve 62,50 ± 3,25 yıl idi. Grup 1 ve 2’de obstrüktif solunum yetmezliği mevcut iken Grup 3’de rekstriktif solunum yetmezliği vardı. Kardiyopulmoner egzersiz testleri (KPET) standart protokol ile uygulandı. Maksimum oksijen tüketimi (VO₂max) Grup 1’de 14,29 ± 1,17 saptanırken Grup 2’de 13,31 ± 1,31, Grup 3’de 12,50 ± 1,76 saptandı. Anaerobik eşik değerleri sırasıyla Grup 1’de 0,70 ± 0,04 ve Grup 2’de 0,68 ± 0,03; Grup 3’de 0,71 ± 0,12 olarak saptandı. Solunum fonksiyon testleri değerlendirildiğinde Grup 3’ün FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC değerleri diğer iki gruba göre anlamlı yüksekti (p<0.05). Oksijen nabzının beklenen değeri ve RR arasında da anlamlı farklılık saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak kronik akciğer hastalıklarında ventilasyon dinamikleri bozulmaktadır.This study was aimed to examine the pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation dynamics in chronic lung diseases. Since chronic lung diseases are the most common in the society, patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), changes when lung cancer accompanies, and cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is one of the prototypes of interstitial lung disease that causes respiratory failure in a restrictive pattern, perform both pulmonary function tests and cardiopulmonary exercise. evaluated with tests. It was investigated whether there was a difference in the three disease states in relation to ventilation volumes and anaerobic threshold. Ten patients with COPD (Group 1) and 9 patients with lung cancer (Group 2) who applied to the Bursa Uludag University Chest Diseases outpatient clinic were included in the study. The mean age of Groups were 65.00 ± 3.17; 66.67 ± 2.70 and 62.50 ± 3.25 years. Group 1 and 2 had obstructive respiratory failure; Group 3 had restrictive respiratory failure. Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) were performed with a standard protocol. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max) was 14.29 ± 1.17 in Group 1, while it was 13.31 ± 1.31 in Group 2 and 12.50 ± 1.76 in Group 3. Anaerobic threshold values were found to be 0.70 ± 0.04; 0.68 ± 0.03; 0.71 ± 0.12 in Groups 1, 2 and 3. When the pulmonary function test was evaluated, the FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC values of Group 3 were higher than the other two groups (p<0.05). A measurement indicator was also detected between the expected value of the oxygen pulse and the RR (p<0.05). As a result, ventilation dynamics deteriorates in chronic lung diseases

Effect of Herbal Extracts Addition on Microbial Composition and Sensory Propertiesof Tekirdag Meatballs

Bu araştırmada, çiğ Tekirdağ köftesi üzerinde biberiye, limon, kekik ve sarımsak ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Analizler numunelerin buzdolabı koşullarında (4°C) muhafazası sırasında yapılmıştır. Her bir ekstraktın köfteye katılma oranı %0,1' dir. Depolamanın son günü en etkili ekstraktlar toplam mezofil aerob canlı bakteri sayısında biberiye ve sarımsak; koliform gurubu bakteri sayısında limon ve biberiye; E. coli sayısında limon; Staphylacoccus aureus sayısında biberiye ve kekik; mayaZküf sayısında kekik ve sarımsak ekstraktları olmuştur. Varyans analizi sonucunda mikroorganizmalar ve günler arasındaki farkların P?0,01 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Köfte örneklerindeSalmonellatespit edilmemiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan ekstrakların mikrobiyal gelişmeyitam olarak durdurmasa da buzdolabı koşullarında mikroorganizmaların çoğalmasını yavaşlatabildiği görülmüştür. Duyusal analiz sonucunda kontrol numunesine en benzer numuneler limon ve kekik ekstraktı katılmış olan numunelerdir. Duyusal özelliklerle ilgili varyans analizinde ekstraktlar aradındaki farklılık p<0,01 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur.In this research, the antimicrobial effect of herbal extracts (rosemary, lemon, thyme and garlic) were investigated in raw Tekirdağ meatballs. Analysis were carried out during the storage of meatball samples in refrigerator (4°C). Extracts were added to meatballs at a level of 0,1%. The most effective extracts were rosemary and garlic extracts to the total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria; lemon and rosemary extracts to the number of coliform group bacteria; lemon extract to the number of E. coli; rosemary and thyme extracts to the number of Staphylacoccus aureus; oregano and garlic extracts to the number of yeast and mold on the last day of storage. As a result of the variance analysis, the differences between microorganisms and the days were significant at P ? 0.01 level. Salmonella was'nt detected in meatball samples. The addition of extracts can be expected to aid in preserving foods held at refrigeration temperatures, at which the multiplication of microorganisms are slow. In the result of sensory analysis, the most similar samples to the control sample are samples that includes lemon and thyme extracts. In the analysis of variance for sensory analysis, the differences between extracts were significant at p <0.01 level