The process of integration of adjective-noun phrase into verb in sentence comprehension

We assumed that the sentence representation was formed by the integration of the words schemata. In particular, the representation of the Japanese sentence which consists of the noun phrase and the verb is formed by integrating the representation of the noun phrase into the verb schema. For example, the representation of the typical noun phrase “akai ringo (red apple)" are integrated into the verb “taberu (eat)" in a similar fashion of the bare noun phrase “ringo (apple)." In contrast, the representation of the atypical noun phrase “chairoi ringo (brown apple)" is inconsistent with the default value of the schema's slot of the verb, so the integration process includes the dissolution of the inconsistency. In order to verify this hypothesis, we presented the subjects the noun phrases during 900 ms, then presented the verbs, and asked them to judge the sentence acceptability. We measured the judgment time as the time to integrate the noun phrases into verbs. As a result, the subjects needed longer time to integrate atypical noun phrases than bare noun phrases or typical noun phrases

The process of development of infant-nursery teacher attachment: An examination on their interactions by using qualitative data

The purpose of this study was to examine the processes of development and change of attachment between an infant and his nursery teachers in detail by qualitative data. The subject of the study was an infant who had developed insecure attachment among his initial attachment figure. He was observed for 9 months (July-March). In the first term (July-August), he showed attachment behavior to several teachers. The interactions between the infant and each teacher were analyzed. There were several interactions by each teacher, and the responses of the infant to each teacher were also different

Effects of perfectionism in learning on achievement motivation and achievement goals

Perfectionism, the excessive expectation of perfection, affects learning motivation and behavior. There are two major aspects of perfectionism: (1) a tendency to set high goals (personal standards) and (2) a tendency to care too much about failure (concern over mistakes). Concern over mistakes has long been regarded as a single concept; however, it can be divided into that for the results of achievement behavior and that for the process to attain conclusive results. Therefore, we divided the concept into two and examined the relationship between achievement motivation and achievement goals. A questionnaire survey of university students found that when learners care excessively about failure, they are motivated by a sense of anxiety about failure as well as a sense of fulfillment or competition with others. With regard to goal orientation, it was suggested that having high goals leads to goals for improving one's own ability and to goals for obtaining positive evaluation from others, and that concern over the results of achievement behavior leads to goals for avoiding negative evaluation from others.井上弥先生・樋口聡先生退職記念特集号本研究は，2018年度に広島大学教育学部に提出した卒業論文を加筆・修正したものです

The effect of semantic constraint of a noun phrase on determining the prepositional representation of a sentence

A meaning of a verb depends on the noun phrase it is combined with. A verb ""open"" used in a sentence as ""I open a window"" was interchangeable with the antonym ""close,"" but that used in ""I open a can"" was noninterchangeable. Thus, although the representation of the sentence ""I open a window"" might be associated with the ""close,"" the representation of the sentence ""I open a can"" might not. In the experiment, the priming technique was used in order to examine whether the propositional representation of the interchangeable sentence was different from that of the noninterchangenable sentence. The prime stimuli were the Japanese sentences which consist of a noun phrase and a verb, and the target stimuli were the antonyms. Sixteen participants were required to make lexical decisions to the target stimuli. The result showed that the interchangeable sentence facilitated the classification of the antonym, but the noninterchangeable sentence did not. This result suggests that the constraint of the noun phrase determine the individual propositional representation for each sense

Relation of Developmental Disorder Tendency and Internalizing Problems in Higher Grade Elementary School Children

The purpose of this study was to examine whether developmental disorder tendency such as ADHD and ASD tendency are related to internalizing problems through teacher teaching attitudes and school life events, targeting higher grade elementary school children enrolled in regular classes. Higher grade elementary school children (N=206) completed a self-report questionnaire concerning their teacher teaching attitudes, their daily experiences with schoolwork and their relationships with friends and classroom teacher at school, their self-esteem, and internalizing problems. Their homeroom teachers (N=9) rated each children’s developmental disorder tendency. As a result of path analysis, it became clear that developmental disorder tendency to be related to internalizing problems through mediating teacher teaching attitudes, school life events, and self-esteem.井上弥先生・樋口聡先生退職記念特集号本研究は，2018年度に広島大学教育学部に提出した卒業論文を加筆・修正したものです

Do Interactive Texts Promote Understanding?

A text format is used in which learners imitate a scene where people like a teacher and learner interact so that beginners may more easily start learning. On the other hand, previous research on interactive texts has shown that they do not always promote understanding and are not appreciated by readers as easy to read. However, since this format has already been widely adopted in introductory books and elementary school textbooks, it is necessary to consider how to make such interactive texts easier to understand. Therefore, in this study, we tried to make the conversation style as natural as possible and used interactive texts with icons to make it easier to identify the speakers. Furthermore, we developed an interactive text that includes not only dialogues that include“ questions” that have been used in previous research but also dialogues that prompt a“ summary” and verified the effects. Results showed that the comprehension performance was the same as that of ordinary text and that it was subjectively highly evaluated.本研究は日本学術振興会科学研究費補助金（挑戦的研究（萌芽）　課題番号：17K18620代表者：島田英昭）による助成を受けた。本論文の一部は日本心理学会第84回大会において発表済みである

A Japanese Patient with Gastric Cancer and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency Presenting with DPYD Variants

A 63-year-old Japanese male with stomach adenocarcinoma received oral 5-fluorouracil derivative, cisplatin and trastuzumab chemotherapy. On day 8, severe diarrhea and mucositis developed; chemotherapy was stopped. On day 14, the patient developed renal dysfunction and febrile neutropenia. He also suffered from pneumonia due to Candida albicans. Systemic symptoms improved after intensive conservative treatment. Best supportive care was continued until the patient died from gastric cancer. The dihydropyrimidine dehydroge-nase protein level was low at 3.18 U/mg protein. The result of DPYD genotyping revealed three variants at posi-tions 1615 (G > A), 1627 (A > G), and 1896 (T > C) in exons 13, 13, and 14, respectively

A Comparative Analysis of Changes of Student’s Attitude Before and After an International Virtual Learning Class

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of international virtual learning classes. For the purpose, the class implemented using multipoint communication system which was constructed high quality video transfer systems on a cross-border infrastructure (gigabit bandwidth) between Japan to South Korea. In order to reveal the effects of the class, a questionnaire was composed of five categories; Consciousness to Foreign Countries, Nationality, Acquisition of View Point, Motivation, Recognition to the partner country. The results of 2x2 mixed two-way ANOVA showed differences of characteristics of two countries and changes of student’s attitude. The results revealed that an international virtual learning class has a possibility to develop and enhance student\u27s awareness of humanity and the world. Future implementation will depend on growth and sustenance of the international relationship for a prolonged period