Procedimentos de um banco de ossos e a aplicabilidade dos enxertos por ele proporcionados Procedures of a bank of bones and aplicability of the grafts offered by such

Os autores demonstram neste estudo a viabilidade e funcionabilidade de um Banco de Ossos e a experiência da utilização durante os dezessete anos de sua criação. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar a importância da manutenção de um serviço de Banco de Osso, bem como mostrar suas utilidades nos diversos tipos de intervenções ortopédicas. Ficando demonstrado, o protocolo para obtenção de possíveis doadores, métodos para retirada e armazenagem desses ossos, e a sua utilização em diversos procedimentos ortopédicos.<br>The authors demonstrate in this study the viability and functionality of a Bank of Bones and the experience of the use during the seventeen years of your creation. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of the maintenance of a service of Bank of Bone, as well as to show your usefulness in the several types of orthopedical interventions. Being demonstrated, the protocol for the possible donors' obtaining, methods for retreat and storage of those bones, and your use in several orthopedical procedures

Controlled release strategies for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral engineering : Part II : challenges on the evolution from single to multiple bioactive factor delivery

The development of controlled release systems for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interfaceis one of the hot topics in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the majorityof the developed systems consider only the release of a single growth factor, which is a limiting step for thesuccess of the therapy. More recent studies have been focused on the design and tailoring of appropriatecombinations of bioactive factors to match the desired goals regarding tissue regeneration. In fact, consideringthe complexity of extracellular matrix and the diversity of growth factors and cytokines involved in eachbiological response, it is expected that an appropriate combination of bioactive factors could lead to moresuccessful outcomes in tissue regeneration. In this review, the evolution on the development of dual andmultiple bioactive factor release systems for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interface is overviewed, specificallythe relevance of parameters such as dosage and spatiotemporal distribution of bioactive factors. Acomprehensive collection of studies focused on the delivery of bioactive factors is also presented while highlightingthe increasing impact of platelet-rich plasma as an autologous source of multiple growth factors.The authors thank Fundacaopara a Ciencia e Tecnologia for V.E.Santo's PhD grant (SFRH/BD/39486/2007). This work was carried out under the scope of the European FP7 Project Find and Bind (NMP4-SL-2009-229292) and Project MIT/ECE/0047/2009

Enhanced Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Induced Ectopic and Orthotopic Bone Formation by Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1–34) Administration

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a central role in local bone regeneration strategies, whereas the anabolic features of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are particularly appealing for the systemic treatment of generalized bone loss. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether local BMP-2-induced bone regeneration could be enhanced by systemic administration of PTH (1–34). Empty or BMP-2-loaded poly(lactic-co glycolic acid)/poly(propylene fumarate)/gelatin composites were implanted subcutaneously and in femoral defects in rats (n = 9). For the orthotopic site, empty defects were also tested. Each of the conditions was investigated in combination with daily administered subcutaneous PTH (1–34) injections in the neck. After 8 weeks of implantation, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume were analyzed using microcomputed tomography and histology. Ectopic bone formation and almost complete healing of the femoral defect were only seen in rats that received BMP-2-loaded composites. Additional treatment of the rats with PTH (1–34) resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced BMD and bone volume in the BMP-2 composites at both implantation sites. Despite its effect on BMD in the humerus and vertebra, PTH (1–34) treatment had no significant effect on BMD and bone volume in the empty femoral defects and the ectopically or orthotopically implanted empty composites. Histological analysis showed that the newly formed bone had a normal woven and trabecular appearance. Overall, this study suggests that intermittent administration of a low PTH dose alone has limited potential to enhance local bone regeneration in a critical-sized defect in rats. However, when combined with local BMP-2-releasing scaffolds, PTH administration significantly enhanced osteogenesis in both ectopic and orthotopic sites