91 research outputs found
Anisotropic Aerogels for Studying Superfluid He
It may be possible to stabilize new superfluid phases of He with
anisotropic silica aerogels. We discuss two methods that introduce anisotropy
in the aerogel on length scales relevant to superfluid He. First,
anisotropy can be induced with uniaxial strain. A second method generates
anisotropy during the growth and drying stages. We have grown cylindrical
98% aerogels with anisotropy indicated by preferential radial shrinkage
after supercritical drying and find that this shrinkage correlates with small
angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The growth-induced anisotropy was found to be
out of phase relative to that induced by strain. This has
implications for the possible stabilization of superfluid phases with specific
symmetry.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Quantum Fluids and Solids (QFS)
conference 200
Crystal structure and high-field magnetism of La2CuO4
Neutron diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure and magnetic
ordering pattern of a La2CuO4 single crystal, with and without applied magnetic
field. A previously unreported, subtle monoclinic distortion of the crystal
structure away from the orthorhombic space group Bmab was detected. The
distortion is also present in lightly Sr-doped crystals. A refinement of the
crystal structure shows that the deviation from orthorhombic symmetry is
predominantly determined by displacements of the apical oxygen atoms. An
in-plane magnetic field is observed to drive a continuous reorientation of the
copper spins from the orthorhombic b-axis to the c-axis, directly confirming
predictions based on prior magnetoresistance and Raman scattering experiments.
A spin-flop transition induced by a c-axis oriented field previously reported
for non-stoichiometric La2CuO4 is also observed, but the transition field (11.5
T) is significantly larger than that in the previous work
Small Angle Scattering by Fractal Aggregates: A Numerical Investigation of the Crossover Between the Fractal Regime and the Porod Regime
Fractal aggregates are built on a computer using off-lattice cluster-cluster
aggregation models. The aggregates are made of spherical particles of different
sizes distributed according to a Gaussian-like distribution characterised by a
mean and a standard deviation . The wave vector dependent
scattered intensity is computed in order to study the influence of the
particle polydispersity on the crossover between the fractal regime and the
Porod regime. It is shown that, given , the location of the
crossover decreases as increases. The dependence of on
can be understood from the evolution of the shape of the center-to-center
interparticle-distance distribution function.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages + 6 postscript figures, compressed using "uufiles",
published in Phys. Rev. B 50, 1305 (1994
Spin Dynamics in an Ordered Stripe Phase
Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure the low-energy spin
excitations in the ordered charge-stripe phase of La(2)NiO(4+d) with d=0.133.
Spin-wave-like excitations disperse away from the incommensurate magnetic
superlattice points with a velocity ~60% of that in the d=0 compound.
Incommensurate inelastic peaks remain well-resolved up to at least twice the
magnetic ordering temperature. Paramagnetic scattering from a d=0.105 sample,
which has a N\'eel-ordered ground state, shows anomalies suggestive of
incipient stripe correlations. Similarities between these results and
measurements on superconducting cuprates are discussed.Comment: 5 pp, 2 col., REVTeX, 4 epsf figures embedded with psfig; Abstract
and introduction have been revise
Freezing of anisotropic spin clusters in La1.98Sr0.02CuO4
A spin-glass compound, LaSrCuO, shows
quasi-three-dimensional magnetic ordering below 40 K. A remarkable
feature is that the magnetic correlation length along the orthorhombic
axis is much longer than that along the axis,
suggesting that the spin structure is closely related to the diagonal stripe
structure. The spin-glass state can be expressed as a random freezing of
quasi-three-dimensional spin clusters with anisotropic spin correlations
( \AA, \AA, and \AA at 1.6 K).
The new magnetic state is important as an intermediate phase between the
three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordered phase in LaCuO and the
incommensurate phase in LaSrCuO in which the positions of
the incommensurate peaks are rotated by 45 in reciprocal space about
(,) from those observed in the superconducting LaCuO
compounds.Comment: 7 pages, RevTex, 8 PS figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Magnetic fluctuations in frustrated Laves hydrides R(Mn_{1-x}Al_{x})_{2}H_{y}
By neutron scattering, we have studied the spin correlations and spin
fluctuations in frustrated Laves hydrides, where magnetic disorder sets in the
topologically frustrated Mn lattice. Below the transition towards short range
magnetic order, static spin clusters coexist with fluctuating and alsmost
uncorrelated spins. The magnetic response shows a complexe lineshape, connected
with the presence of the magnetic inhomogeneities. Its analysis shows the
existence of two different processes, relaxation and local excitations, for the
spin fluctuations below the transition. The paramagnetic fluctuations are
discussed in comparison with classical spin glasses, cluster glasses, and non
Fermi liquid itinerant magnets
The Current-Temperature Phase Diagram of Layered Superconductors
The behavior of clean layered superconductors in the presence of a finite
electric current and in zero-magnetic field behavior is addressed. The
structure of the current temperature phase diagram and the properties of each
of the four regions will be explained. We will discuss the expected current
voltage and resistance characteristics of each region as well as the effects of
finite size and weak disorder on the phase diagram. In addition, the reason for
which a weakly non-ohmic region exists above the transition temperature will be
explained.Comment: 8 pages (RevTeX), 4 encapsulated postscript figure
Surface Fractal Dimension of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), SWNT bundles, and ropes (or strands) show a structural self-similar characteristic. By calculating the Hausdorff dimension, it was found that their self-similar organization leads to surface fractality and the value of the surface dimension (Ds) depends on self-similar patterns. Experimentally, Ds obtained by nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77.3 K and by the small-angle x-ray scattering technique in our study proved our calculation that the surface dimension of SWNTs is nonintegral,
Small-angle x-ray-scattering study of phase separation and crystallization in the bulk amorphous Mg
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