104 research outputs found
LâĂvaluation environnementale de grands projets industriels : PotentialitĂ©s et limites pour la gouvernance territoriale
Les grands projets dâinfrastructures gĂ©nĂšrent de nombreux impacts qui prĂȘtent Ă dĂ©bat et posent tout un dĂ©fi pour la gouvernance territoriale. LâĂ©valuation environnementale (ĂE) offre un cadre pour rĂ©guler les nĂ©gociations sociales entourant lâimplantation de tels projets. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur la capacitĂ© de lâĂE Ă intĂ©grer une demande sociale rĂ©cente qui renvoie Ă la qualitĂ© des territoires, autant matĂ©rielle que symbolique, celle concernant le paysage. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă cette question, une Ă©tude de cas a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur un complexe de production dâaluminium construit au SaguenayâLac-Saint-Jean (QuĂ©bec). Plusieurs limites ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es, touchant quatre aspects de la gouvernance : la coordination des acteurs, la lĂ©gitimitĂ© de la dĂ©cision, les savoirs intĂ©grĂ©s aux dĂ©libĂ©rations et le pouvoir des acteurs.The setting up of major infrastructures are often object of social disputes in host communities. In this manner, such projects challenge public decision makers. Environmental assessment is meant to help their work. This paper pay attention to negotiations regarding landscape demands, which are becoming more important in recent debates. The research is asking if environmental assessment may be a useful tool for taking into account such demand which concern concrete as well as subjective aspects of environmental quality. The exam of a case study, the settlement of an aluminium smelter in the SaguenayâLac-Saint-Jean area (QuĂ©bec), concludes that many limits affect the capacity of the procedure. They relate to four aspects of territorial governance: actorsâ coordination, legitimacy of decision, considered knowledge, and social groupsâ power
Lâappropriation de sites et paysages urbains requalifiĂ©s. Regard sur le Vieux-Port de Chicoutimi
Au cours des annĂ©es 1980 et 1990, le QuĂ©bec a vĂ©cu une sĂ©rie de requalifications dâespaces portuaires. Ces projets urbains ont donnĂ© lieu Ă de multiples processus dâimplantation, plus ou moins participatifs ou partenariaux. Des dĂ©bats renvoient Ă la question plus large de la construction du paysage et de lâenvironnement urbains, ainsi quâĂ leur appropriation sociale. Dans ce contexte, il semble pertinent de revenir sur lâune de ces expĂ©riences de planification, soit celle du « Vieux-port de Chicoutimi ». Comment et pour qui a Ă©tĂ© façonnĂ© ce paysage urbain requalifiĂ©? Quelle est la nature du processus dâappropriation du site par les usagers? PrĂšs de dix-sept ans aprĂšs le rĂ©amĂ©nagement de cet espace urbain, les rĂ©sultats dâun sondage montrent la forte appropriation du site, tant du point de vue matĂ©riel que sur les plans symbolique et politique.In QuĂ©bec, a number of cities launched waterfront revitalization initiatives during the 1980âs and 1990âs. These large projects were carried out through a series of implementation mechanisms that were to some extend participatory in nature. Debates around the planning and design process raised the broader issue of the formation of urban and environmental landscapes and of sense of place. For that reason, the discussion focuses on the implications of the development of the City of Chicoutimiâs so-called âOld-Portâ. How and for whom was this revitalization process implemented? What are the ways in which users of the site define sense of place? More than 17 years after the redevelopment of this area began, survey results show strong support for the site, as much from a strictly material point of view as from a symbolic and political one
Le paysage comme mĂ©diation : lâimplantation de lâusine Alcan au QuĂ©bec
Ă partir dâune approche fondĂ©e sur une conception sociale et constructiviste du paysage, lâauteur analyse lâimplantation dâune usine par la multinationale Alcan, dans la commune dâAlma, au QuĂ©bec. Permettre aux acteurs territoriaux de parler de leurs paysages contribue, selon elle, Ă mieux saisir leurs prĂ©occupations, Ă comprendre les rapports de cohabitation avec la grande industrie et les facteurs dâĂ©valuation et dâacceptabilitĂ© sociale de sa prĂ©sence, de mĂȘme que, plus largement, Ă Ă©clairer les dĂ©bats sociaux pour un dĂ©veloppement rĂ©gional viable.Thanks to an approach based on a social and constructivist conception of landscape, the author analyzes the setting up of a factory by the multinational company Alcan, in the city of Alma, Quebec. According to her, allowing people to talk about the landscape in which they live helps to better understand their concerns, the ways the local population copes with big industry, as well as the different factors of assessment and social acceptability of its presence. More generally, it also helps to throw light on the social debates concerning the durable development of the community
Les paysages de la transition énergétique : une perspective politique
Au-delĂ des grands objectifs gĂ©nĂ©riques, la transition Ă©nergĂ©tique exige dâĂȘtre traduite en politiques et en projets bien concrets. La mise en Ćuvre de ceux-lĂ , souvent sous forme de grands sites de production dâĂ©nergie, fait Ă©merger des rĂ©actions fortes sur les territoires, entre autres au nom du paysage. Mais plutĂŽt que dây lire une rĂ©action dâopposition systĂ©matique, nous suggĂ©rons de considĂ©rer le paysage comme une façon de tester le niveau de territorialisation des propositions faites au nom de la transition Ă©nergĂ©tique : comme cadre cognitif et politique, il permettrait de confronter le projet au territoire et de saisir si le premier sâavĂšre cohĂ©rent et porteur pour lâavenir du second ? Pour ce faire, nous avançons un cadre dâanalyse structurĂ© Ă trois niveaux rĂ©fĂ©rant Ă des approches thĂ©oriques complĂ©mentaires : soit le paysage 1) comme reprĂ©sentation sociale, 2) comme outil et objet nĂ©gociĂ© et 3) comme paradigme sociĂ©tal. La rĂ©cente filiĂšre Ă©olienne au QuĂ©bec sert Ă illustrer comment le « paysage » pourrait ĂȘtre mobilisĂ© en ce sens.Beyond major general objectives, energy transition needs to be translated into concrete policies and projects. The implementation of such policies and projects, often in the form of large sites for the generation of energy, gives rise to strong reactions, notably in defence of the landscape. But rather than interpret this as a reaction of systematic opposition, we propose to consider the landscape as a way of testing the level of territorialisation of proposals made in the name of the energy transition. As a cognitive and political framework, this makes it possible to compare the project with the territory and to understand whether the former is consistent with and able to provide perspectives for the future of the latter. To do so, we propose an analytical framework structured on three levels referring to complementary theoretical approaches: the landscape 1) as a social representation, 2) as a tool and a negotiated object, 3) and as a societal paradigm. The recent wind energy sector in Quebec serves to illustrate how the âlandscapeâ could be mobilised in such a way
Le paysage comme mĂ©diation : lâimplantation de lâusine Alcan au QuĂ©bec
Ă partir dâune approche fondĂ©e sur une conception sociale et constructiviste du paysage, lâauteur analyse lâimplantation dâune usine par la multinationale Alcan, dans la commune dâAlma, au QuĂ©bec. Permettre aux acteurs territoriaux de parler de leurs paysages contribue, selon elle, Ă mieux saisir leurs prĂ©occupations, Ă comprendre les rapports de cohabitation avec la grande industrie et les facteurs dâĂ©valuation et dâacceptabilitĂ© sociale de sa prĂ©sence, de mĂȘme que, plus largement, Ă Ă©clairer les dĂ©bats sociaux pour un dĂ©veloppement rĂ©gional viable.Thanks to an approach based on a social and constructivist conception of landscape, the author analyzes the setting up of a factory by the multinational company Alcan, in the city of Alma, Quebec. According to her, allowing people to talk about the landscape in which they live helps to better understand their concerns, the ways the local population copes with big industry, as well as the different factors of assessment and social acceptability of its presence. More generally, it also helps to throw light on the social debates concerning the durable development of the community
Le paysage comme patrimoine collectif : de la découverte à la mobilisation citoyenne
Diverses réflexions et expériences sont en cours au Québec. Cet article décrit briÚvement l'une d'entre elles, menée au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, par le Conseil du loisir scientifique. Mais d'abord, situons rapidement le cadre dans lequel s'inscrit cette expérience eu égard aux notions de paysage et de patrimoine
As paisagens da transição energĂ©tica: uma perspectiva polĂtica
Beyond major general objectives, energy transition needs to be translated into concrete policies and projects. The implementation of such policies and projects, often in the form of large sites for the generation of energy, gives rise to strong reactions, notably in defence of the landscape. But rather than interpret this as a reaction of systematic opposition, we propose to consider the landscape as a way of testing the level of territorialisation of proposals made in the name of the energy transition. As a cognitive and political framework, this makes it possible to compare the project with the territory and to understand whether the former is consistent with and able to provide perspectives for the future of the latter. To do so, we propose an analytical framework structured on three levels referring to complementary theoretical approaches: the landscape 1) as a social representation, 2) as a tool and a negotiated object, 3) and as a societal paradigm. The recent wind energy sector in Quebec serves to illustrate how the «landscape» could be mobilised in such a way.AlĂ©m de grandes objetivos genĂ©ricos, a transição energĂ©tica necessita ser traduzida em polĂticas e em projetos bastante concretos. A implementação destes Ășltimos, frequentemente na forma de amplos sĂtios de produção de energia, provoca fortes reaçÔes nos territĂłrios, entre outros, em nome da paisagem. Entretanto, ao invĂ©s de reconhecer nesse fato uma reação sistemĂĄtica de oposição, sugere-se considerar a paisagem enquanto uma forma de testar o nĂvel de territorialização das propostas realizadas em nome da transição energĂ©tica: na qualidade de arcabouço cognitivo e polĂtico, a paisagem permitiria, deste modo, confrontar âprojetoâ e âterritĂłrioâ, e compreender se o primeiro demonstra-se coerente e representativo em relação ao futuro do segundo. Nesse sentido, propĂ”e-se um roteiro de anĂĄlise estruturado em trĂȘs nĂveis, referindo-se a abordagens teĂłricas complementares, quais sejam: a paisagem 1) como representação social, 2) como instrumento e objeto negociado e 3) como paradigma societal. O recente desenvolvimento da matriz eĂłlica no QuĂ©bec ilustra como a âpaisagemâ poderia ser mobilizada nesse sentido
Comorbidity and glycemia control among patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care
Reports on the relationship between comorbidity and glycemia control in diabetic patients are conflicting and the method of measuring comorbidity varies widely among studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between diabetes control and comorbidity, taking into account all comorbidities and their severity, in a primary care setting. We performed a retrospective descriptive study based on chart review of 96 randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients. Comorbidity was measured with the cumulative illness rating scale (CIRS), an exhaustive comorbidity index. Diabetes was considered as controlled if the mean value of two measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) was less than 7%. Taking diabetes control as the dependent variable, its relationship with the CIRS score, age, sex, diabetes duration, and diabetes-related complications was explored. Diabetes control was not significantly related with the CIRS score, age, sex or diabetes severity. Diabetes duration was the only variable significantly related to diabetes control. Our study suggests that comorbidity measured with the CIRS in patients with type 2 diabetes is not a factor that prevents the achievement of a good glycemia control
La recherche partenariale à l'UQAR : les formes en action : compte rendu de la journée d'étude organisée par le GRIDEQ et le CRDT-UQAR le 13 avril 2016
La recherche partenariale prend une place de plus en plus importante dans le paysage scientifique. Se prĂ©sentant sous une grande variĂ©tĂ© dâappellations (recherche-action, recherche collaborative, participative, recherche-intervention, etc.) (Dumais, 2011), elle regroupe un ensemble de pratiques de recherche variĂ©es, mais fondĂ©es sur le grand principe de « coconstruction de sens » (BussiĂšres et Fontan, 2011). Sous cette dĂ©finition large, il sâagit plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de recherches ou dâinterventions effectuĂ©es dans le cadre universitaire avec un ou plusieurs partenaires (entreprises privĂ©es, administrations publiques, associations, syndicats, etc.). Ainsi, la recherche partenariale exige une mobilisation tant des chercheurs que des partenaires, qui combinent leurs savoirs respectifs, leurs mĂ©thodes et leurs ressources (Sutton, 2007). Les partenaires sont donc conjointement impliquĂ©s dans le processus de recherche, Ă des niveaux variables, de lâidentification du problĂšme et de lâobjet dâĂ©tude Ă la rĂ©alisation du projet et la valorisation des connaissances, soit leur diffusion et leur transfert dans les milieux de pratique (Sutton, 2007).
Les organismes subventionnaires reconnaissent dĂ©sormais cette pratique, mais lâinscrivent surtout dans des programmes prĂ©vus Ă cet effet. Les administrateurs y voient un mode de financement possible dâactivitĂ©s pour des universitĂ©s en mal de ressources. Mais quâen pensent les chercheurs ? En particulier ceux qui lâexpĂ©rimentent, comment la dĂ©finissent-elles ? Y voient-ils des dĂ©fis particuliers ?
Telles sont les grandes questions qui ont motivĂ© la tenue dâune journĂ©e dâĂ©tude Ă lâUQAR, organisĂ©e par le GRIDEQ et le pĂŽle UQAR du CRDT le 13 avril 2016. Pour aller au-delĂ des expĂ©riences individuelles, il nous semblait important de rĂ©unir des chercheurs provenant dâhorizons diffĂ©rents, pour rĂ©flĂ©chir et amorcer une discussion collective qui, nous lâespĂ©rons, se poursuivra. Trois objectifs Ă©taient visĂ©s : âą Prendre connaissance des pratiques touchant la recherche collaborative ou partenariale menĂ©es Ă lâUQAR, pour mieux en saisir et distinguer les formes variĂ©es ;
⹠Dégager les enjeux et défis associés à ces pratiques, tant sur les plans individuel que collectif ;
âą Cerner les conditions et les besoins particuliers â pouvant varier dâune discipline Ă lâautre - requis pour ce type de pratiques scientifiques. Une dizaine de chercheurs de lâUQAR ont rĂ©pondu Ă lâinvitation lancĂ©e par le GRIDEQ et le CRDT. Les professeurs-chercheurs proviennent dâhorizons disciplinaires variĂ©s et de diffĂ©rents dĂ©partements de lâUQAR : Bruno Jean et Nathalie Lewis (dĂ©veloppement territorial), Emmanuel Guy (gestion), Emmanuelle Jean (sciences infirmiĂšres), Ariane Plourde (sciences de la mer) et Lucie GĂ©lineau (psychosociologie et travail social). Sâajoutent deux intervenants pour lesquels la recherche partenariale reprĂ©sente une part centrale de leur pratique, Guillaume Werstink, professionnel au DĂ©canat Ă la recherche, et David Bourdages, directeur du CIRADD, un centre collĂ©gial de transfert de technologie en pratiques sociales novatrices (CCTT-PSN) situĂ© en GaspĂ©sie et qui a un lien particulier de collaboration et partenariat avec lâUQAR. Le programme a Ă©tĂ© bĂąti sur un principe simple : donner la parole aux chercheurs
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