The Indian Act and the (Re)Shaping of Canadian Aboriginal Sport Practices

This paper examines how the Indian Act shaped the types of sporting opportunities that were made available for Aboriginal people in the late 19th to the mid-20th centuries. The Indian Act was (and still is) a significant piece of legislation in terms of Aboriginal sport history in that it structured the possibilities for Aboriginal participation in sport in Canada and legitimized Euro-Canadian ways of playing as the most appropriate forms of play.Ce document examine la manière dont la Loi sur les Indiens a façonné les genres d’activités sportives que pouvaient pratiquer les Autochtones de la fin du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle. La Loi sur les Indiens était (et est toujours) un texte législatif important sur le plan de l’histoire des sports autochtones, car elle a structuré les possibilités pour les Autochtones de pratiquer des sports au Canada et elle a légitimé les façons de jouer euro-canadiennes comme étant les formes de jeu les plus appropriées

After the Fur Trade: First Nations Women in Canadian History, 1850 - 1950

Cet article explore les thèmes dominants et les tendances dans la litérature historique sur les femmes de Premières nations au Canada entre 1850 et 1950. Quinze sources académiques sont étudiées en détail. Les constatations défient le point de vue libéral progressif et pointe vers les données repères historiques pour évaluer le dossier sur les femmes amérindiennes

Aboriginal Women ‘Working’ at Play : Canadian Insights

In this paper, we explore complex ways in which Aboriginal women experience sport. In particular, we examine the gendered dimensions they face in trying to gain recognition and support for their work and volunteering at the community level where their presence is ubiquitous and tangible: sport would not exist for many Aboriginal people if it were not for female labour. What we saw, at the heart of their struggles, are deeply held aspirations that go well beyond ‘women only’ issues to broader concerns tied to the health and wellbeing of the people in their community, specifically the youth.Cet article explore l’appréhension complexe du sport chez les femmes autochtones. Il examine particulièrement les dimensions genrées qui pèsent dans leur quête de reconnaissance et de support pour leur travail et leur engagement bénévole au sein de leur communauté, là où leur contribution est à la fois est manifeste et omniprésente. Pour plusieurs Autochtones, il n’y aurait pas d’activités sportives si ce n’était du travail des femmes. Nous avons constaté qu’au coeur de leurs luttes, leurs aspirations les plus chères dépassent de loin des considérations « strictement féminines » et s’orientent vers des préoccupations plus larges, liées à la santé et au bien-être des membres de leur communauté, dont notamment les jeunes

Effectiveness of dietary interventions in mental health treatment : A rapid review of reviews

Aim This rapid review of reviews aimed to determine the extent of research undertaken on the effectiveness of dietary interventions for individuals with a mental disorder. Methods Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Reviews and Cochrane Trials) were searched to February 2021 for systematic reviews including experimental studies assessing the effectiveness of dietary interventions with physical or mental health related outcomes in adults or children with one or more of: severe mental illness, depression or anxiety, eating disorders, or substance use disorder. Results are presented descriptively. Results The number of included reviews was 46 (67% in severe mental illness, 20% in depression and anxiety, 7% in eating disorders, and 7% in substance use disorders). Most reviews were published since 2016 (59%), and included studies conducted in adults (63%). Interventions in the eating disorders and severe mental illness reviews were predominantly education and behaviour change, whereas interventions in the substance use disorders, and depression and anxiety reviews were predominantly supplementation (e.g. omega-3). Twenty-eight and twelve of the reviews respectively reported mental health and dietary outcomes for one or more included studies. Most reviews in severe mental illness, and depression and anxiety reported conclusions supporting the positive effects of dietary intervention, including positive effects on weight-related or mental health outcomes, and on mental health outcomes, respectively. Conclusions A larger number of systematic reviews were identified which evaluated dietary interventions in individuals with severe mental illness, and depression and anxiety, compared with substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Dietary intervention is an important component of the treatment that should be available to individuals living with mental disorders, to support their physical and mental health

Melanoma Central Nervous System Metastases: An Update to Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities

Brain metastases are the most common brain malignancy. This review discusses the studies presented at the third annual meeting of the Melanoma Research Foundation in the context of other recent reports on the biology and treatment of melanoma brain metastases (MBM). Although symptomatic MBM patients were historically excluded from immunotherapy trials, efforts from clinicians and patient advocates have resulted in more inclusive and even dedicated clinical trials for MBM patients. The results of checkpoint inhibitor trials were discussed in conversation with current standards of care for MBM patients, including steroids, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Advances in the basic scientific understanding of MBM, including the role of astrocytes and metabolic adaptations to the brain microenvironment, are exposing new vulnerabilities which could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Technical advances including single-cell omics and multiplex imaging are expanding our understanding of the MBM ecosystem and its response to therapy. This unprecedented level of spatial and temporal resolution is expected to dramatically advance the field in the coming years and render novel treatment approaches that might improve MBM patient outcomes

The illusion of inclusion

Intellectual Muscle: University Dialogues for the Vancouver 2010 Games was developed by Vancouver 2010 and the University of British Columbia Continuing Studies in collaboration with universities across Canada and The Globe and Mail.Non UBCUnreviewedOthe

Indigenous Visual History: Remembering “Us” in Indian Residential School Hockey Photographs

Photography was a potent settler colonial technology that was employed — and contested — in the residential school system. In one photographic campaign, the Canadian government marshalled images of Indigenous children on a once-in-a-lifetime hockey excursion to publicly convey it was successfully assimilating them into Euro-Canadian society. The 1951 Sioux Lookout Black Hawks, a residential school hockey team from the Pelican Lake Indian Residential School (Anglican) in northwestern Ontario, were taken on a whirlwind exhibition tour to Ottawa and Toronto. They were celebrated by high-ranking governmental and Anglican church officials who posed alongside them in a series of professional photographs taken by a National Film Board’s Still Photography Division photographer and commissioned by the Department of Indian Affairs. These photographs suggested that hockey fostered appropriate masculinity and citizenship values, in line with the government’s assimilationist agenda. The responses of three hockey players shown in these images some seventy years after they were taken, and our exploration of how the survivors interpellated the colonial knowledge embedded in the photographs to reconstitute their own subjectivities, extends the small-but-growing canon of visual repatriation, where archival photographs are “returned” to Indigenous communities who were the subjects of the colonizers’ lenses. Ultimately, we demonstrate how the survivors’ responses to the photographs (and their implied meanings) comprise technologies of Indigenous memory that re-centre themselves and their communities as authors of their own stories, and, thus, their epistemic futures.La photographie est une technologie coloniale puissante qui a été utilisée - et contestée - dans le système des pensionnats. Dans le cadre d’une campagne photographique, le gouvernement canadien a rassemblé des images d’enfants autochtones participant à une excursion de hockey unique en son genre afin de montrer publiquement qu’il parvenait à les assimiler à la société eurocanadienne. Les Sioux Lookout Black Hawks de 1951, une équipe de hockey du pensionnat indien de Pelican Lake (anglican) dans le nord-ouest de l’Ontario, ont été emmenés dans un tourbillon d’expositions à Ottawa et à Toronto. Ils ont été fêtés par de hauts responsables du gouvernement et de l’Église anglicane qui ont posé à leurs côtés dans une série de photographies professionnelles prises par un photographe de la Division de la photographie fixe de l’Office national du film et commandées par le ministère des Affaires indiennes. Ces photographies suggèrent que le hockey favorise une masculinité et des valeurs citoyennes appropriées, conformément au programme assimilationniste du gouvernement. Les réponses de trois joueurs de hockey montrés sur ces images quelque soixante-dix ans après qu’elles ont été prises, et notre exploration de la manière dont les survivants ont interprété le savoir colonial incorporé dans les photographies pour reconstituer leurs propres subjectivités, élargissent le canon, petit mais croissant, du rapatriement visuel, où les photographies d’archives sont « rendues » aux communautés autochtones qui ont été les sujets des lentilles des colonisateurs. Somme toute, nous démontrons comment les réponses des survivants aux photographies (et leurs significations implicites) constituent des technologies de la mémoire autochtone qui les recentrent, eux et leurs communautés, en tant qu’auteurs de leurs propres histoires et, par conséquent, de leur avenir épistémique

Chapter IX. The Double Helix: Aboriginal People and Sport Policy in Canada

In 2005, the federal government, through Canadian Heritage, released Sport Canada’s Policy on Aboriginal Peoples’ Participation in Sport (Canadian Heritage, 2005). It was a prolonged process, set in motion by a formal declaration of support from the federalprovincial/territorial ministers responsible for sport, recreation and fitness in 2002 and concluded with the public release of the document three years later. During that time, a number of representatives from relevant sectors including Ca..