Kinematic viscosity of unstimulated whole saliva in healthy young adults

To analyze kinematic viscosity and pH of unstimulated whole saliva, evaluate possible variations after sampling, identify any gender differences and detect possible correlations between them

Determination of breath alcohol value after using mouthwashes containing ethanol in healthy young adults.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breath alcohol value and blood alcohol concentration after using mouthwashes containing ethanol in a panel of healthy young adults. To determine zeroing time of these values and if subjects\u2019 body mass index or gender influenced it. Breathalyzer test is a practice performed to detect alcohol-impaired-drivers that can be penalized. Sometimes Italian judges revoke the penalty justifying that the presence of residual ethanol in the oral cavity can cause false positive values. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study involved 40 young adult volunteers; the cohort was composed of University students aged between 21 and 30 years. They underwent a medical examination to evaluate BMI. We selected four alcoholic mouthwashes available on the market with a different ethanol amount and an ethanol/ water (10/90) mixture as a reference. Breath alcohol concentration values were collected using a portable breathalyzer immediately after the rinse (T0), after 10 and 20 minutes (T10 and T20). We evaluated blood alcohol concentration 5 minutes after the rinse. RESULTS: All T10 values are lower than 0.5 g/L (Italian BAC driving limit). Differences between average values at T0-T10 are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlations between BAV and BMI are not statistically significant respectively at T0 (A: p = 0.54. B: p = 0.96. C: p = 0.93. D: p = 0.53) and T10 (A: p = 0.42. C: p = 0.99. D: p = 0.66). Differences between male and female groups aren\u2019t statistically significant (A: p = 0.49; B: p = 0.79; C: p = 0.97; D: p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: High BAV values determined at T-0 are a consequence of residual ethanol present in the oral cavity, the zeroing time of these ones is very swift. Our study shows that rinsing with an alcoholic mouthwash before undergoing the breathalyzer test does not realistically influence the result

Functional status and oral health in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons. The current practice of caring for patients affected by ALS involves a multidisciplinary team without any indication about oral health care. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the functional status and oral health in patients with ALS to define a specific multidisciplinary management. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients affected by ALS, evaluating their functional status, using the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and their oral health status through specific parameters, including Brief Oral Health Status Examination (BOHSE), Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI), and Oral Food Debris Index (OFDI). RESULTS: All 37 patients (mean age: 61.19±11.56 years) showed a poor oral status, independent from the functional status and strictly correlated to the severity of sialorrhea (p=0.01). OFDI index was negatively correlated with the ALSFRS-R upper limb (p=0.03). Patients with bulbar onset had significantly lower ability to perform adequate tongue movements in terms of protrusion (p=0.006) and lateralization (p&lt;0.001). Significant negative correlations between survival rate and BOHSE (p=0.03) was found. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings showed that a poor oral health status might be correlated to a worse functional status and survival time. Thus, an adequate oral health care and rehabilitation should be considered as crucial in the multidisciplinary management of patients with ALS

\u201cFlow rate e ph salivare in un campione di 50 pazienti con lesioni orali

Scopo del lavoro \ue8 stato comparare i valori di F.R. e pH salivare di pazienti affetti da lesioni orali con quelli di un campione di soggetti sani. Valore medio F.R. del campione sano \ue8 risultato di 0,579 mentre quello del campione patologico di 0,334 (differenza 0,245 \u2013 p-value<0,0001). Valore medio pH del campione sano \ue8 risultato di 6,69 mentre quello del campione patologico di 6,70 (differenza 0,29 \u2013 p-value<0,0001) I valori medi di F.R. e pH risultano essere inferiori nel campione patologico. Questa differenza risulta essere statisticamente estremamente significativa

Determinazione della viscosit\ue0 cinematica salivare in un campione di giovani adulti

Scopo del lavoro Determinare, in un campione di giovani adulti sani, i valori di pH, flow rate (FR) e viscosit\ue0 cinematica della saliva non stimolata, analizzare le variazioni di pH e viscosit\ue0 nei momenti successivi al prelievo, sottoporre i dati rilevati ad analisi statistica per rilevare eventuali correlazioni tra i tre parametri. Materiali e metodi Il campione, composto da 35 giovani adulti sani, \ue8 stato sottoposto a visita medica e analisi ematochimiche, onde escludere i soggetti con patologie sistemiche. I prelievi salivari sono stati eseguiti con metodica \u201cspitting\u201d per un tempo di 8 minuti dopo uno specifico training. \uc8 stato usato per le misurazioni reologiche un viscosimetro ViscoClock con capillare modello micro-Ubbelohde, serie 357/10; per la misurazione del pH \ue8 stato usato un pH-metro di Hanna Instruments con elettrodo per provette, e una bilancia tecnica di precisione per le misure del FR. Per l\u2019analisi statistica \ue8 stata utilizzata la regressione lineare. Risultati e conclusioni Il FR medio \ue8 risultato pari a 0,607 ml/min (DS =0,289; DSR%=47,63); il valore medio di pH 6,89 (DS =0,28; DSR%=4,03) ha evidenziato una tendenza ad aumentare in maniera lineare in funzione del tempo di 0,16 punti pH/10 minuti. La viscosit\ue0 cinematica media, 1,57 cSt (D.S.=1,12; D.S.R.%=71,15) ha evidenziato una tendenza a diminuire in maniera esponenziale in funzione del tempo, per poi raggiungere un plateau medio intorno a 0,95 cSt. Non abbiamo riscontrato correlazioni statistiche tra i tre parametri. La degradazione salivare \ue8 stata veloce, quasi immediata, tale da modificare i valori di pH e in maggior misura la viscosit\ue0