Laura Bayley

Laura Eugenia Bayley was born in Ramsgate, England, in 1864. With her three sisters, Blanche, Florence, and Eva, she performed as part of J.D. Hunter’s Theatre Company at the Brighton Aquarium. When she was twenty-four, Laura married George Albert Smith. They had two children, Harold Norman, born in 1889, and Dorothy Eugenie, born in 1890

May Clark

On March 14, 1907, Mabel Louise Clark married Norman Hughes Chaplin Whitton at St. Mary’s Church, Walton-on-Thames, England. She was twenty-one while he was twenty-four. Their professions were the same: they both called themselves “cinematographers,” which in her case may have meant any and all of the jobs listed in occupations above

Nell Emerald

Ellen Maud O’Shea was born on October 29, 1882, in Soho, London. Both her parents were Irish. They had five daughters, and each sister had a stage name: Sarah Emily was known as Eily Adair, Alice Mary as Norah, Julia Blanche as Monie Mine, Ellen Maud as Nell, and Constance Gladys as Connie. Eily and Norah, the two eldest sisters, had a specialty act that was a version of the Alexandre Dumas classic The Corsican Brothers. Their mother worked as manager for “The Sisters O’Shea, Irish Duettists and Comedy Dancers.” Ernest De Vere, the manager of the Cambridge music hall, finally changed their name to “The Emerald Sisters,” and they became regulars on the Moss and Stoll Theatre circuits and toured abroad. All the sisters, apart from the youngest, Connie, took turns in the act

Margaret Hepworth

Margaret Hope McGuffie was born in 1874 at Charlton in Lancashire, England. By 1900, the family had moved to Chapel-En-Le Frith in Derbyshire, approximately twenty miles from Manchester. One of her brothers, John, who worked as a games master on the steamship The Argonaut had met the filmmaker Cecil Hepworth on board on his way to Algiers to film a solar eclipse. The two men became friends, and when they returned to Britain, Cecil was invited to meet the McGuffie family, who lived not far away from where Cecil was filming for the showman A.D. Thomas. Cecil was advised to wear evening dress for dinner, which was the practice of the McGuffie family. This may explain why in Rescued by Rover (1905), Cecil is seen wearing top-hat and tails

A New Vaccine for Tuberculosis: The Challenges of Development and Deployment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's leading causes of death due to infection and efforts to control TB would be substantially aided by the availability of an improved TB vaccine. There are currently nine new TB vaccines in clinical development, and the first efficacy trials are due to commence in 2009. There are many complex ethical issues which arise at all stages of TB vaccine development, from the need to conduct trials in developing countries to informed consent and the process of ethical review. While it is important that these issues are discussed, it may also be timely to consider the challenges which may arise if a vaccine in clinical development proves to be highly effective. We examine a number of scenarios where decisions on the deployment of a new TB vaccine may impact on the rights and liberty of the individual

Optimized Basis Sets for the Environment in the Domain-Specific Basis Set Approach of the Incremental Scheme

Minimal basis sets, denoted DSBSenv, have been developed based on the segmented basis sets of Ahlrichs and co-workers for use as environmental basis set for the domain-specific basis set incremental scheme with the aim of decreasing the CPU requirements of the incremental scheme. The use of this minimal basis within explicitly correlated (F12) methods has been enabled by the optimization of matching auxiliary basis sets for use in density fitting of two-electron integrals and the resolution-of-the-identity. The accuracy of these auxiliary sets has been validated by calculations on a test set containing small- to medium-sized molecules. The errors due to density fitting are about two to four orders of magnitude smaller than the basis set incompleteness error of the DSBSenv orbital basis sets. Additional reductions in computational cost are tested with the reduced DSBSenv basis sets, where the highest angular momentum functions of the DSBSenv auxiliary basis sets have been removed. The optimized and reduced basis sets are used in the framework of the domain-specific basis set of the incremental scheme to decrease the computation time without significant loss of accuracy. The computation times and accuracy of the previously used environmental basis and that optimized in this work is validated with a test set of medium- to large-sized systems. The optimized and reduced DSBSenv basis sets decrease the CPU-time by about 15.4% and 19.4% compared to the old environmental basis and retains the accuracy in the absolute energy with a standard deviation of 0.99 and 1.06 kJ/mol, respectively

Epidemiologic Evidence on the Health Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE AND SOURCES: We reviewed the epidemiologic literature for PFOA. DATA SYNTHESIS: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) does not occur naturally but is present in the serum of most residents of industrialized countries (U.S. median, 4 ng/mL). Drinking water is the primary route of exposure in some populations, but exposure sources are not well understood. PFOA has been used to manufacture such products as Gore-Tex and Teflon. PFOA does not break down in the environment; the human half-life is estimated at about 3 years. PFOA is not metabolized in the body; it is not lipophilic. PFOA is not directly genotoxic; animal data indicate that it can cause several types of tumors and neonatal death and may have toxic effects on the immune, liver, and endocrine systems. Data on the human health effects of PFOA are sparse. There is relatively consistent evidence of modest positive associations with cholesterol and uric acid, although the magnitude of the cholesterol effect is inconsistent across different exposure levels. There is some but much less consistent evidence of a modest positive correlation with liver enzymes. Most findings come from cross-sectional studies, limiting conclusions. Two occupational cohort studies do not provide consistent evidence for chronic disease; both are limited by sample size and reliance on mortality data. Reproductive data have increased recently but are inconsistent, and any observed adverse effects are modest. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiologic evidence remains limited, and to date data are insufficient to draw firm conclusions regarding the role of PFOA for any of the diseases of concern

Relationships of Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Serum Concentrations between Mother–Child Pairs in a Population with Perfluorooctanoate Exposure from Drinking Water

Background: There are limited data on the associations between maternal or newborn and child exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). This study provides an opportunity to assess the association between PFAA concentrations in mother–child pairs in a population exposed to PFOA via drinking water

Perfluoroalkyl substance excretion: Effects of organic anion-inhibiting and resin-binding drugs in a community setting.

BACKGROUND: Longer serum half-lives of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans compared to other species has been attributed to differences in the activity of organic anion transporters (OAT). METHODS: Among 56,175 adult participants in the community-based C8 Health Project, 23 subjects were taking the uricosuric OAT-inhibitor probenecid, and 36 subjects were taking the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine. In regression models of log transformed serum PFAS, medication effects were estimated in terms of mean ratios, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and water-district of residence. RESULTS: Probenecid was associated with modest, but not statistically significant increases in serum PFAS concentrations. In contrast, cholestyramine significantly lowered serum PFAS concentrations, notably for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of cholestyramine in a community setting supports the importance of gastrointestinal physiology for PFAS excretion kinetics, especially for PFOS. We did not find clear evidence that probenecid, an inhibitor of OAT, affects PFAS clearance