Zahtjevnost zdravstvene njege u zbrinjavanju bolesnika s teškim poremećajem svijesti u odnosu na osnovne ljudske potrebe

Ciljevi: Njega bolesnika s teškim poremećajem svijesti specifična je i zahtjevna, i fizički i psihički. Prosuđivanje poremećaja svijesti i određivanje njegova stupnja nije jednostavno. Namjera je istraživanja prikazati razmišljanja medicinskih sestara o zahtjevnosti skrbi za bolesnike s teškim poremećajem svijesti u odnosu na osnovne ljudske potrebe. Metode: Koristila se kvantitativna i deskriptivna kauzalno neeksperimentalna metoda. Izrađen je originalni upitnik [23 aktivnosti za izvršavanje 14 osnovnih ljudskih potreba] na temelju teoretskih i praktičkih znanja i pregleda literature. U istraživanje je uključeno 100 medicinskih sestara Specijalne bolnice za kronične bolesti, koje se svaki dan brinu za pacijente s poremećajem svijesti. Pravilno popunjeni upitnik vratilo je 80 ispitanika. Upotrijebljena je deskriptivna statistika i Pearsonov koeficijent korelacije. Sve vrijednosti smatrane su statistički značajnim na p˂0,05. Rezultati: Iznalazi se da su psihički aspekti zahtjevni i izrazito zahtjevni za 58 (72,5%) medicinskih sestara, posebice pri pružanju zdravstvene njege pacijentima mlađe i srednje životne dobi (56 – 70,0%). Vrlo je zahtjevno mijenjanje položaja bolesnika (57 - 71,3%). U radu s mladim pacijentima najjače povezanosti odnosile su se na psihičku potporu obitelji mlađeg pacijenta (r=0,643, p˂0,001), te pružanje informacija o sestrinskoj skrbi koje traži obitelj (r=0,505, p˂0,001). Zaključak: Medicinskim sestrama najzahtjevnije su aktivnosti u kojima medicinske sestre komuniciraju s obitelji pacijenta i pružaju psihičku potporu i potporu te postupci koji od medicinskih sestara iziskuju uporabu znatne fizičke aktivnosti. Fizičko i psihičko opterećenje medicinskih sestara u provođenju zdravstvene njege za bolesnike s teškim poremećajem svijesti veliko je te može uzrokovati sindrom izgaranja na poslu

Development and preliminary validation of the scale of factors which influence decision-making of the elderly to take part in physical exercise programs

Regular physical activity and exercise are beneficial for both physical and mental health. However, in the elderly, the level of physical activity they partake in is consistently inadequate. Recognizing the need to enhance the participation of the elderly in organized physical exercise and understanding the factors which influence their decision-making becomes pivotal. The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement instrument, specifically a scale, to identify these factors and evaluate its psychometric properties. First, the statements were formulated, which was followed by content assessment by a panel of experts. In the process of scale validation, its internal consistency, stability, correlations between the variables, and factor structure were also evaluated. The scale was tested on a sample of 1777 participants engaged in guided physical exercise at the School of Health Association (društvo Šola zdravja), all aged 60 years or more. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor model with 27 statements which explained 42.9% of variability. The results indicated weak, but statistically significant correlations between the factors and an acceptable level of internal consistency and stability of the entire scale. This scale, developed to establish the factors that influence the decision-making of the elderly to take part in organized physical exercise, represents a valid and reliable measurement instrument, which can be beneficial in the planning and promotion of organized physical exercise programs for the elderly

ČIMBENIK DUHOVNOSTI KAO VAŽAN ELEMENT ZADOVOLJSTVA ŽIVOTOM U STAROSTI

This article focuses on the question of the influence of the spiritual factor on life satisfaction. Spiritual factor includes two indexes - self-esteem and self image as well as spirituality. Both include more variables. We have studied self-esteem with Rosenberg standardized questionnaire, self image and spirituality were studied by evaluating variables (feelings of inferiority, the adoption of the external appearance, the meaning of life, meditation, prayer) and satisfaction with life with »Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)«. The survey was based on a quantitative methodology and on a non-experimental method. The sample size was determined based on the proportional stratification according to the size of population 65 years and over according to the data of Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia for 2012. The study involved 1,064 older people aged 65+ living at home and in social welfare institutions. We received 656 correctly completed questionnaires, representing 61.6% of the study population (home: 380 - 57.9%; social welfare institution: 276 - 42.1%). For the analysis of causal effects, we used advanced statistical methods (propensity score methods). We have found out that the index of self-esteem and self image as well as spirituality is strongly associated with life satisfaction as the highest average value of a multiple R-square of the spiritual factor was R² = 0.37. Spiritual factor is therefore an important element of satisfaction with life in old age, because it allows the old person to strike a balance for peaceful life.Članak je usredotočen na pitanje utjecaja čimbenika duhovnosti na zadovoljstvo sa životom. Čimbenik duhovnosti uključuje dva indeksa: samopoštovanje te sliku o samom sebi i duhovnost. Oba indeksa uključuju više varijabli. Samopoštovanje smo proučavali pomoću Rosenbergovog standardiziranog upitnika, sliku o samom sebi i duhovnost pomoću ocjene varijabli (osjećaj manje vrijednosti, prihvaćanje vanjskog izgleda, smisao života, meditacija, molitva), a zadovoljstvo životom pomoću ljestvice Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Istraživanje smo zasnovali na kvantitativnoj metodologiji i ne-eksperimentalnoj metodi. Veličinu uzorka smo odredili na osnovi proporcionalne stratifikacije glede veličine broja populacije starije od 65 godina, prema podacima Statističkog ureda Republike Slovenije za 2012. godinu. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 1064 osoba u dobi od 65 i više godina, koji su živjeli kod kuće i u zavodima. Primili smo 656 pravilno ispunjenih upitnika, što iznosi 61,6 % u istraživanje uključene populacije (kod kuće 380 – 57,9%; zavodi: 276 – 42,1%). Za analizu uzročnih učinaka korištene su napredne statističke metode sklonosti (Propensity Score Methods). Zaključili smo da su indeksi samopoštovanja i slike o sebi i duhovnosti vrlo jako povezani sa zadovoljstvom životom, jer najviša prosječna vrijednost multipl R-kvadrata za čimbenik duhovnosti iznosi R²=0,37. Dakle, čimbenik duhovnosti je vrlo važan element zadovoljstva životom u starosti, omogućujući starijoj osobi postizanje ravnoteže za miran život

The connection between chronic diseases and self-image and self-esteem

Introduction: With aging, the incidence of chronic diseases among elderly increases, as about 88% of them have at least one chronic condition, with 50% having at least two. The presence of these diseases influences their self-image and self-esteem. This study aimed to identify the effects of chronic diseases on self-esteem and self-image in the group of elderly people. Methods: A quantitative research design using a structured questionnaire was employed, where Rosenberg questionnaire with an adapted measurement scale was used for evaluating self-esteem, while Marsh’s adjusted Multidimensional self-concept scale was used for assessing self-image. Results: The survey involved 51 respondents: 25.5% were male, and 74.5% were female, the average age of the respondents was 77.0 years. 60.8 % of them reported high blood pressure, 31.4% rheumatism, 25.5% osteoporosis and 23.5% diabetes. “Rheumatism” was statistically significantly associated with two elements of self-esteem: the “athletic self-esteem” and “inclusion”, whereas the claim for self-assessment “I can do things as good the majority of other people” was associated to the incidence of  “diabetes”. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that rheumatism, as a most common chronic disease among this population, has a significant impact on some elements of self-image and self-esteem. Further research should focus on the concepts of self-esteem and self-image of this population

Expected professional and personal characteristics of clinical mentors: Differences between physiotherapy and social gerontology students

Background: Clinical mentors play an important role in the development of knowledge and the acquisition of competencies of different health professionals. The success of the entire mentoring process also depends on the professional and personal characteristics of the clinical mentor. The purpose of this study was to identify which professional and personal characteristics of clinical mentors are relevant to physiotherapy (PHT) and social gerontology (SG) students. Methods: The web survey was performed between January 20 and May 15, 2018, using the adapted version of the nursing clinical teacher effectiveness inventory. The final sample consisted of 100 PHT and SG students from one of the Slovenian Universities. Results: The competencies “explains clearly” (p ˂ 0.001) and “takes responsibility of own actions” (p = 0.023) were statistically significantly more relevant to PHT students than to the SG students. The competencies “explains clearly” (p ˂ 0.001), “demonstrates clinical skill and judgment” (p = 0.033), “takes responsibility of own actions” (p = 0.023), and “is self-critical” (p = 0.023), were statistically significantly more relevant to PHT than to the SG students, while the statements “discusses current development in his/her field” (p = 0.002), “communicates expectations of students” (p = 0.029), “demonstrates empathy” (p = 0.037), “demonstrates enthusiasm” (p = 0.005), and “has a good sense of humor” (p = 0.005) were statistically significantly more relevant to SG students. Conclusion: The contrast in responses reflects the differences in the nature of both professions: The predominantly instrumental nature of PHT and the predominantly expressive nature of SG

ČIMBENIK DUHOVNOSTI KAO VAŽAN ELEMENT ZADOVOLJSTVA ŽIVOTOM U STAROSTI

This article focuses on the question of the influence of the spiritual factor on life satisfaction. Spiritual factor includes two indexes - self-esteem and self image as well as spirituality. Both include more variables. We have studied self-esteem with Rosenberg standardized questionnaire, self image and spirituality were studied by evaluating variables (feelings of inferiority, the adoption of the external appearance, the meaning of life, meditation, prayer) and satisfaction with life with »Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)«. The survey was based on a quantitative methodology and on a non-experimental method. The sample size was determined based on the proportional stratification according to the size of population 65 years and over according to the data of Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia for 2012. The study involved 1,064 older people aged 65+ living at home and in social welfare institutions. We received 656 correctly completed questionnaires, representing 61.6% of the study population (home: 380 - 57.9%; social welfare institution: 276 - 42.1%). For the analysis of causal effects, we used advanced statistical methods (propensity score methods). We have found out that the index of self-esteem and self image as well as spirituality is strongly associated with life satisfaction as the highest average value of a multiple R-square of the spiritual factor was R² = 0.37. Spiritual factor is therefore an important element of satisfaction with life in old age, because it allows the old person to strike a balance for peaceful life.Članak je usredotočen na pitanje utjecaja čimbenika duhovnosti na zadovoljstvo sa životom. Čimbenik duhovnosti uključuje dva indeksa: samopoštovanje te sliku o samom sebi i duhovnost. Oba indeksa uključuju više varijabli. Samopoštovanje smo proučavali pomoću Rosenbergovog standardiziranog upitnika, sliku o samom sebi i duhovnost pomoću ocjene varijabli (osjećaj manje vrijednosti, prihvaćanje vanjskog izgleda, smisao života, meditacija, molitva), a zadovoljstvo životom pomoću ljestvice Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Istraživanje smo zasnovali na kvantitativnoj metodologiji i ne-eksperimentalnoj metodi. Veličinu uzorka smo odredili na osnovi proporcionalne stratifikacije glede veličine broja populacije starije od 65 godina, prema podacima Statističkog ureda Republike Slovenije za 2012. godinu. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 1064 osoba u dobi od 65 i više godina, koji su živjeli kod kuće i u zavodima. Primili smo 656 pravilno ispunjenih upitnika, što iznosi 61,6 % u istraživanje uključene populacije (kod kuće 380 – 57,9%; zavodi: 276 – 42,1%). Za analizu uzročnih učinaka korištene su napredne statističke metode sklonosti (Propensity Score Methods). Zaključili smo da su indeksi samopoštovanja i slike o sebi i duhovnosti vrlo jako povezani sa zadovoljstvom životom, jer najviša prosječna vrijednost multipl R-kvadrata za čimbenik duhovnosti iznosi R²=0,37. Dakle, čimbenik duhovnosti je vrlo važan element zadovoljstva životom u starosti, omogućujući starijoj osobi postizanje ravnoteže za miran život

Slovenian nurses’ research utilization competence and received support from nurse managers

Introduction. Research utilization is the core of evidence-based practice. Nurse managers have an important role to support competence management and research utilization in nursing care.Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the research utilization competence of Slovenian nurses working in hospitals and the received support from nurse managers related to research utilization. Research utilization competence comprises attitudes and the knowledge and skills.Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. The participants were nurses (n=154) from eight hospitals in Slovenia. Data was collected using the Competence in Research Utilization instrument and analyzed statistically.Results. Nurses’ attitudes were positive. Nurses’ appreciation of research utilization was higher than their readiness to commit themselves to research utilization. Nurses’ knowledge related to acquisition research evidence and reading and appraising research was rather limited even if they assessed their skills as above moderate. The received support from nurse managers related moderately to nurses’ research utilization skills.Conclusions. The research utilization competence of nurses is recommended to be strengthened with systematic competence management and support from nurse managers in clinical practice. Nurse managers can support nurses’ research utilization competence by encouraging them to participate in continuing education and by building systematic academic cooperation and networking between educators, researchers, and nurse clinicians.</p

Slovenian nursing students’ competence in research utilization, and the support they received during clinical practice

Aim: Research utilization is at the core of evidence-based practice. The aim of the study was to describe Slovenian nursing students’ competence in research utilization (attitudes, knowledge, and skills) on graduation, and the support they received in learning research utilization during clinical practice.Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design.Methods: The participants were graduating Slovenian bachelor-level nursing students (n = 220). Data were collected using the Competence in Research Utilization instrument, and analyzed statistically.Results: Students’ attitudes to research utilization were positive, but their knowledge was rather limited. Skills were self-assessed as above moderate. The majority of the students had received support in learning research utilization during their most recent clinical practice period. The support received was related to students’ attitudes and skills.Conclusion: Educational institutions should pay attention to improving nursing students’ competence in research utilization, especially regarding their knowledge. Further research is needed to explore the most effective pedagogical strategies, including clinical practice, to improve students’ competence in research utilization and to gain a better understanding of multidimensional research utilization competence assessment.</p

Mentors' self‐assessed competence in mentoring nursing students in clinical practice: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Aims and objectives: To examine registered nurses' self‐evaluation of their competence in mentoring nursing students in clinical practice. Background: Clinical mentors have significant roles and responsibility for nursing students' clinical learning. Moreover, the mentors' role is becoming increasingly important internationally, as the role of nurse teachers in mentoring students in clinical practice has declined. However, in most EU countries there are no specific educational requirements for clinical mentors, although they need targeted education to increase their competence in mentoring nursing students. Design: The systematic review of quantitative studies was designed according to guidelines of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and PRISMA protocol. Methods: Studies published during 2000–2019 that met inclusion criteria formulated in PiCOS format were systematically reviewed by three independent reviewers. CINAHL (Ebsco), PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, ERIC and Medic databases were used to retrieve the studies. Three independent reviewers conducted the systematic review process. The studies were tabulated, thematically compared and narratively reported. Results: In total, 16 peer‐reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies identified various dimensions of mentors´ competence and associated environmental factors. Generally, participating mentors rated competences related to the clinical environment, mentoring, supporting students' learning processes and relevant personal characteristics fairly high. They also rated organisational practices in their workplaces, resources in the clinical environment and their mentor–student and mentor–stakeholder pedagogical practices, as respectable or satisfactory. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable scope for improving mentors' competence, particularly through enhancing organisational mentoring practices and relevant resources in clinical environments. Relevance for clinical practice: Pedagogical practices of mentors in relations with both students and stakeholders should be enhanced to improve future nurses' learning. This systematic review addresses a gap in knowledge of mentors' self‐evaluated competence that could assist the formulation of effective educational programmes for mentors internationally and improving clinical environments.We would like to acknowledge European Commission, Erasmus+, KA2: Strategic partnership for providing funding for the project Quality mentorship for developing competent nursing students (QualMent)