Magyar táplálkozáskultúra Európában az ezredfordulón: Néprajzi vizsgálat (három generáció, c. 1920-2005) = Hungarian foodways in European context at the turn of the millennium: an ethnological approach c. 1920-2005

Magyar táplálkozáskultúra Európában az ezredfordulón. Néprajzi vizsgálat Az 1960-es évektől a táplálkozáskultúra gyors átalakulásának vagyunk tanúi. a szétfejlődése mára különösen felgyorsult. Az étkezési szokások társadalmi összképe, az újítások diffúziója, a korábban megszokottak érvénye rendkívül szórt formákat, átmeneti állapotot mutat. Szegmensei keresztbe metszik a társadalmi csoportokat. Ez a vizsgálat a fiatal generációkra koncentrált, valamint az innovációkra a teljes társadalomban. Az étkezési szokások piackutatása jó hátteret kínál kvalitatív néprajzi felmérések értelmezéséhez is. A néprajztudomány?európai etnológia?kulturális antropológia ma a teljes társadalomra, a mindennapi kultúra ?hagyományos? és új elemeire egyaránt figyel. A projekt a következő kérdésköröket vizsgálta: a napi étkezések; étkezés otthon és házon kívül; élelmiszerpiac; hagyományos és új élelmiszerek, ételek, konyhaeszközök; fűszerezés, ízlésirány; asztal és társadalmi kapcsolatok; sajátos motivációk, helyzetek, kínálatok (egészségtudat, bioélelmiszer, vegetarianizmus, új vallási közösségek, egzotikus konyhák; étel és identitás, regionális reprezentéció. Az értelmezést európai kutatási eredmények is segítik. A kutatás bázisát a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Néprajz-Kulturális Antropológia Doktori Programja és azonos nevű Tanszéke nyújtotta. Résztvevők: Barabás M., Farkas J., Sz.-Juhász K., K.-Báti A., Kisbán E. (témavezető), Kiss K.Zs., Kuti Klára (vezető kutató), Nagy R., Nyisztor T. Közreműködött Csovcsics E., Farkas A.R., Ferencz Angela. | Recent Hungarian Foodways in European Perspective Since the 1950s Hungary has experienced unprecedentedly rapid social and economic change (agricultural population 49% in 1949, 1,5% in 2005). With modernization of the period, ways of life, including foodways, have differentiated widely; recent intersections cross income-, status-, educational-, urban/rural- and age groups. The actual overall picture of foodways is a very scattered, transitory one. With qualitative research on segments, this project focused on the young generations on the one hand and cross-social innovations and mentalities towards them on the other. As new quantitative background data national food marketing statistics have become available in the last few years. Key topics of the project were: meals; eating at home/eating out; recent food markets, traditional/new foodstuffs, dishes, equipment; seasoning, taste; change in function (from traditional domestic processing to mainly social occasions); special motivations such as health consciousness/ecological food/vegetarianism; specific groups and/or ethnic food (ecological villages, religious communities, Near Eastern foodways, Mediterranean food); self-representation by local dishes. European research provides a background for international interpretation. The base for the research was the Dept. of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropolgy at the University Pécs and its Doctoral Program. Active participants M.Barabás, A.K.Báti, J.Farkas, K.Sz.Juhász, E.Kisbán (head), K.Zs.Kiss, K.Kuti (senior researcher), R.Nagy, T.Nistor (R). The results include three PhD theses

Biocompatibility study of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrospun scaffold for hernia repair

Abdominal hernia is a purely surgical disorder where due to a defect in the abdominal wall, tissues or organs can extrude out of the abdominal cavity. The only conclusive treatment is surgical making a mesh implantation indispensable. Tissue engineering is now a promising method for creating scaffolds that provide an adequate support for tissue ingrowth. Our purpose was to develop a non-adhesive hernia mesh, which could be used in the repair of abdominal wall hernias but concurrently a scaffold for abdominal tissue regeneration. Poly(vinyl alcohol) bulk hydrogels are promising materials in wound dressing hence, interest in electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) meshes has emerged in the past few years for different biomedical applications. In the present paper, preparation of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) fiber membranes and their in vitro and in vivo behaviors were followed to study the adhesion, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the meshes. Our results showed that the surface of PVA meshes does not favor cell adhesion in vitro. During the animal experiments, PVA meshes demonstrated good integration into the surrounding tissue with minimal inflammatory reaction and minimal adhesions to intra abdominal structures

Poly(amino acid) based fibrous membranes with tuneable in vivo biodegradation

In this work two types of biodegradable polysuccinimide-based, electrospun fibrous membranes are presented. One contains disulfide bonds exhibiting a shorter (3 days) in vivo biodegradation time, while the other one has alkyl crosslinks and a longer biodegradation time (more than 7 days). According to the mechanical measurements, the tensile strength of the membranes is comparable to those of soft the connective tissues and visceral tissues. Furthermore, the suture retention test suggests, that the membranes would withstand surgical handling and in vivo fixation. The in vivo biocompatibility study demonstrates how membranes undergo in vivo hydrolysis and by the 3rd day they become poly(aspartic acid) fibrous membranes, which can be then enzymatically degraded. After one week, the disulfide crosslinked membranes almost completely degrade, while the alkyl-chain crosslinked ones mildly lose their integrity as the surrounding tissue invades them. Histopathology revealed mild acute inflammation, which diminished to a minimal level after seven days