Recognition system for unconstrained handwritten numerals

In this paper, we present a recognition system of unconstrained handwritten numerals . We describe all essential stages to it s elaboration . We approach the first phase of all recognition system : the extraction of the primitives . A structure that use th e skeleton of the numeral is used to extract rapidly 55 binary primitives . We specify a method that allows to determine the transmitted information about the primitives on the problem of the recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals . Information transmitted by each primitive providing a criterion allowing to generate a binary decision tree . This criterion is used to select in each nod e the best primitive . The obtained classifier does not use the totality of 55 binary primitives but solely those that have been retaine d during the phase of identification of the decision tree . We present an original reject criterion that allows to increase performances of the recognition system . Finally, We describe the database of American handwritting numerals that serves to test the classifier . We demonstrate the performance of our system with this database .Nous présentons dans cet article un système de reconnaissance de chiffres manuscrits hors lignes, en décrivant toutes les étapes essentielles à son élaboration. Nous abordons d'abord la première phase de tout système de reconnaissance: l'extraction de primitives. Une représentation structurée construite à partir du squelette du chiffre est utilisée pour extraire rapidement un jeu de 55 primitives binaires. Nous précisons ensuite une méthode qui permet de déterminer l'information transmise par une primitive sur le problème de la reconnaissance des chiffres manuscrits hors lignes. L'information transmise par chaque primitive fournit un critère permettant de générer un arbre de décision binaire de manière complètement automatique. Ce critère est utilisé pour sélectionner au niveau de chaque noeud de l'arbre la primitive la plus informative sur le problème de reconnaissance associé au noeud en cours de traitement. Le classifieur obtenu n'utilise pas la totalité des 55 primitives binaires mais uniquement celles qui ont été retenues durant la phase d'identification de l'arbre de décision. Nous présentons ensuite un critère de rejet original qui permet d'augmenter les performances du système de reconnaissance de manière significative. Nous décrivons finalement la base de données de chiffres manuscrits américains qui sert à tester le classifieur. Nous donnons les résultats obtenus

Design similarity as a tool for sustainable new luxury product adoption: The role of luxury brand knowledge and product ephemerality

Despite rising demand for brands that can combine luxury with the zeal to make the world better, many luxury brands still hesitate to introduce environmentally (or green) sustainable new luxury products. However, indulgence without guilt is possible by correctly marketing sustainable new luxury products. Even more, introducing sustainable new luxury products can be an effective way for luxury companies to differentiate their offering and get competitive advantage. We argue that luxury and sustainability are not incompatible concepts when luxury brands do employ the right product design strategy. Indeed, the effectiveness of two new green luxury product design strategies have been investigated in depth in this chapter. First, the green new product might be similar in design to luxury company\u2019s previous non-green products. Second, the green new product might be similar in design to models of a different, non-luxury company specialized in green production. We investigate the effect of design strategy on new product purchase intention, and propose that such an effect might be affected by fit (i.e. moderated mediated) by the combination of one product-related factor, such as product ephemerality (i.e., how long lasting the new product is), and one consumer-related factor, such as consumers\u2019 luxury brand knowledge (i.e., how much consumers know about the brand and its past). We empirically test our account through an experimental study, whose results show that lowly and medium knowledgeable consumers might react negatively to a new green product similar to green company\u2019s models due to reduced fit perceptions when the new green luxury product is ephemeral. Such an effect was not observed for durable new luxury products

Similar to myself or to the green? The effect of introducing different types of green new products on luxury brand evaluation and purchase intention

Luxury brands’ increasing commitment toward sustainability, alongside luxury consumers’ growing attention toward environmental issues, suggest that luxury and sustainability are compatible concepts. However, academic research suggests that sustainable luxury is still seen by consumers as a contradiction. We investigate the type of environmental sustainability practices that luxury brands should adopt in order to galvanize consumers’ interest in sustainable versions of their products by studying the differential effectiveness of two strategies that luxury brands might adopt when introducing green new products: First, the green product might be similar in design to a luxury brand’s established, non-green products. Second, the green product might be similar in design to models made by non-luxury brands specializing in green products. Across three experiments, we show that these two strategies can be differentially effective depending on both consumer-related and product-related factors

The role of design similarity in consumers' evaluation of new green products: An investigation of luxury fashion brands

Luxury companies and consumers' increasing attention and commitment toward environmental issues substantiate the notion that luxury and sustainability are compatible concepts. However, academic research suggests that sustainable luxury is still perceived by consumers as a contradiction. This article explores the role of sustainability in the design of luxury fashion products, investigating the type of environmental sustainability practices that luxury companies should adopt in order to galvanize consumers' interest in environmentally sustainable versions of their products. In particular, this research investigates the differential effectiveness of two strategies that luxury fashion companies might adopt when introducing new green products: First, the green new product might be similar in design to a luxury company's previous non-green products. Second, the green new product might be similar in design to models made by non-luxury companies specializing in green production. The results from three experiments show that the recommended strategy is to make the new green luxury product similar to the luxury company's previous models rather than to models made by green companies, especially for consumers who are knowledgeable about the brand and for products that are durable rather than ephemeral. This research contributes to extant research by investigating a previously overlooked driver of new green product acceptance, product design, and by empirically investigating the conditions that lead to the successful market introduction of new green luxury products

Similar to Myself or to the Green? The Effect of Introducing Different Types of Green New Products on Luxury Brand Evaluation and Purchase Intentions

Luxury brands’ increasing commitment toward sustainability, alongside luxury consumers’ growing attention toward environmental issues, suggest that luxury and sustainability are compatible concepts. However, academic research suggests that sustainable luxury is still seen by consumers as a contradiction. We investigate the type of environmental sustainability practices that luxury brands should adopt in order to galvanize consumers’ interest in sustainable versions of their products by studying the differential effectiveness of two strategies that luxury brands might adopt when introducing green new products: First, the green product might be similar in design to a luxury brand’s established, non-green products. Second, the green product might be similar in design to models made by non-luxury brands specializing in green products. Across three experiments, we show that these two strategies can be differentially effective depending on both consumer-related and product-related factors

Modele qualitatif de comportement pour un systeme d'aide a la supervision des procedes

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Caractéristiques et mécanismes de la compartimentation des variants du virus de l'hépatite C

LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF