Business model and the value theory : a critical review of the literature

Although business model research has been progressively attracted attention from both academics and practitioners, a common understanding on business model concept has been rarely shaped and agreed upon. This means scholars from different disciplines expound business model from different angles. Accordingly, this paper will attempt to propose an alternative framework for helping scholars and practitioners reshape their understanding of business models through an in-depth literature review. In order to achieve this aim, we take the foundational angle of business model study, which deals with how to better understand the ‘value’ as a concept. Specifically, an integrative categorisation of business model research together with dimensions is developed. Then, the value theory is utilised acting as a lens and the underlying theoretical framework to understand business models. Finally, we argue to what extent value theory can promote our understanding on business models and we will discussed the implications for theory

Diverse cyclic dinucleotide signals regulate Escherichia coli lifestyle transition

Bacteria have the ability to change their lifestyle to adapt to various environmental conditions. Cyclic dinucleotides (cDNs) are ubiquitous second messengers that can regulate fundamental lifestyle switches, such as motility versus sessility and acute versus chronic virulence, in bacteria. Investigation of the diverse established cDNs, cyclic di-GMP, cyclic di-AMP, and the recently identified hybrid molecule cyclic GAMP, expanded our knowledge of the complexity of regulation of bacterial physiology by nucleotide-based second messengers and unravel common and distinct regulatory patterns. In this thesis, we provided the molecular basis to assess the regulatory mechanisms of semiconstitutive rdar biofilm formation by Illumina Miseq or PacBio sequencing of the genomes of eight rdar biofilm forming E. coli strains (Paper I). By using phenotypic, genetic and biochemical approaches, we showed that animal commensal isolate E. coli ECOR31 expresses a semi-constitutive rdar biofilm morphotype on agar plates characterized by expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. This morphotype is conventionally dependent on the major biofilm regulator CsgD and positively regulated by cyclic di-GMP signaling (Paper II). As expected, flagella-dependent motility is negatively regulated by cyclic di-GMP signaling. Bioinformatic analysis suggested the presence of a dinucleotide cyclase DncV homolog, hypothesized to possess cyclic GAMP synthase activity, encoded by the E. coli ECOR31 genome. DncV synthesized 3’3’-cGAMP in vitro and in vivo and, via its catalytic activity, negatively regulated csgD expression at the transcriptional level with subsequent suppression of rdar biofilm formation and cell aggregation. DncV also suppressed swimming and swarming motility post-transcriptional of class 1 flagellar regulon genes. In liquid culture, expression of dncV restricted cell aggregation, but showed a complex temporal pattern of biofilm formation at the abiotic surface. The patatin-like phospholipase CapV is a receptor for 3’3’-cGAMP. In this thesis, we showed that expression of CapVQ329R, a single amino acid variant of CapV, induced extensive cell filamentation in E. coli MG1655 independently of the 3’3’-cGAMP synthase DncV (Paper III). Moreover, overexpression of CapVQ329R repressed swimming motility by inhibiting flagella biosynthesis and reduced rdar biofilm formation and CsgD expression, possibly through modulation of cyclic di-GMP levels. The observed phenotypes of CapVQ329R are not restricted to E. coli MG1655, but common to other E. coli strains and S. typhimurium UMR1 suggesting that conserved pathway(s) are required for their expression. Based on our genome sequences, in the last study, we investigated the molecular basis of temperature-independent expression of the rdar biofilm morphotype and subsequently csgD expression in seven semi-constitutive rdar biofilm forming E. coli strains (Paper IV). Based on the observation that amino acid variations in cyclic di-GMP turnover proteins correlated with the expression of a semi-constitutive rdar biofilm, in particular, we demonstrated that distinct amino acid changes outside of conserved signature motifs that potentially lead to an alteration in the trigger activity of the hybrid cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase/diguanylate cyclase YciR contributed to regulate rdar biofilm formation and csgD expression in semiconstitutive rdar biofilm forming E. coli strains. In conclusion, this thesis highlights that diverse cDN second messenger signals differentially regulate the bacterial sessile/motile lifestyle transition. Furthermore, the effect of CapVQ329R on bacterial phenotypes and physiology is an example of rapid evolution of protein functionality

An Empirical Study on the Urban Poverty in Guizhou

Based on the GQ model and the Beta model of the Lorenz curve, this paper uses the POVCAL software of the World Bank to calculate the Gini coefficient and the FGT index with the per capita disposable income data of Guizhou urban residents from 1997 to 2015, and analyzes the trends and characteristics of urban poverty in Guizhou. The results show that before 2008, the urban poverty of Guizhou changed from shallow absolute poverty to relatively violent relative poverty. Since 2008, the relative poverty has been stable, but still needs attention. At the same time, Guizhou faces a new type of urban poverty

Research on the Measures to Promote the Teaching Reform of Biochemical Laboratory by Using National Experimental Skills

Biochemical examination, as the core course of medical laboratory technology specialty, is highly applied and practical, so it is particularly critical to cultivate students' ability in this specialty. As an important platform to improve the practical ability of medical laboratory students, the national laboratory skills competition has a significant role in promoting the teaching reform of biochemical laboratory. The purpose of this paper is to explore how to promote the reform of biochemistry laboratory teaching through the national laboratory skills competition and put forward specific implementation strategies. Through the deep integration of competition and teaching reform, it aims to cultivate medical laboratory talents with innovative spirit and practical ability, and play the role of "promoting learning, reform and teaching by competition" to meet the rapid development needs of modern medical laboratory technology

Os chineses em Portugal: as razões da vinda e a sua situação atual

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação EmpresarialA comunidade chinesa é a maior comunidade asiática presente em território português, registando um crescimento particular nos últimos anos. Verifica-se uma concentração sobretudo nos grandes centros urbanos, assim ordenados por ordem decrescente de representatividade: Lisboa, Porto, Faro, Aveiro, Braga e Leiria. Pretende-se com este trabalho não só identificar as razões que trouxeram chineses até Portugal mas também compreender a sua situação atual. A presente dissertação analisa as razões desta mudança num contexto de emigração internacional e de globalização. Procurou-se investigar também as ideias prévias sobre Portugal por parte de chineses que nunca estiveram no país. De seguida, foram aplicados inquéritos a chineses que vivem em Portugal em duas circunstâncias distintas: com residência permanente e residência temporária. Por fim, discute-se a sua situação quotidiana, ao nível económico e de integração social, sem deixar de se perspetivar o desenvolvimento futuro desta comunidade em Portugal, especialmente no que respeita aos emigrantes chineses de segunda geração.The Chinese community is the largest Asian community present in the Portuguese territory, with a significative increase in recent years. There is a concentration especially in large urban centres, which are sorted in descending order of representativeness: Lisbon, Oporto and Faro, Aveiro, Braga and Leiria. The aim of this work is to explain the reasons why the Chinese brought to Portugal and its current situation. This dissertation analyses the reasons of their coming, in the context of international migration and globalization. We also tried to investigate the ideas of Chinese about Portugal who have never been in the country. Next, it has been applied surveys to Chinese living in Portugal in two different circumstances: permanent residence and temporary residence. Finally, it discusses the Chinese conmunity's current situation, concerning economic and social integration, while looking to the future development of this community in Portugal, particularly in relation to the Chinese immigrants of the second generation.目前, 在葡萄牙境内，华人社会是最大的亚洲社区。按照人口数量递减顺序 排列，葡萄牙华人依次聚居在里斯本，波尔图，法鲁，阿威罗，布拉加和利亚拉。 近几年，移民到葡萄牙的国人数量不断增长。本论文旨在分析中国人来葡原因及 其在葡现状。 为了探讨中国人来葡萄牙的原因，首先在第一章中本论文分析了当前世界全 球化的大背景。之后对从未到访过葡萄牙的国人进行调查，旨在了解他们对葡萄 牙的第一印象及了解情况。最后，以调查问卷的形式对在葡的两类中国人：拥有 长期居留资格的中国人和具有短期居留资格的中国人进行调查，分析探讨其来葡 原因

CsPbI2Br及びAgBiI4を光吸収層とする全無機太陽電池の界面及び組成のエンジニアリング

Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have got much attention due to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. Within the last ten years, they have shown a sharp rise in efficiency from an initial 3.8% to over 25.5% thus enabling them the most promising upcoming new generation solar cells. However, the bottom neck of PSCs lies in the prospect of commercialization, such as industry-standard stability and further reduction of manufacturing cost. Nevertheless, the perovskite film quality has a great influence on the working stability of the PSCs. Therefore, in this thesis, we focus to enhance the stability of perovskite-based devices by controlling the morphology and utilizing the interface passivation strategy. In addition, the toxic of lead is also a main problem of perovskite solar cells. The main research contents are as follows: In chapter 1, the development history of photovoltaic technology and the classification of solar cells have been introduced. In addition, the structure, working principle and the development of PSCs also been described, Moreover, lead-free solar cells and Ag-Bi-I ruddorfite solar cells also have presented. At the same time, the current challenges and the purpose of this thesis have been described. In chapter 2, we describe the fabrication of a carbon-based CsPbI2Br PSC. An Imidazolium-based ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), was added to the CsPbI2Br perovskite film. The perovskite crystal quality and the device performance were improved. The results of SEM and XRD show that the additive of the ionic liquid can affect the perovskite nucleation and result in larger grain size. Furthermore, we also found that the addition of BMIMBF4 can reduce the energy barrier between the perovskite layer and carbon back electrode, which leads to better performance of PSCs. In chapter 3, in order to reduce the charge recombination, a simple surface passivation method with BMIMBF4 of CsPbI2Br was developed. The ionic liquid of BMIMBF4 as a modification layer can efficiently reduce the trap densities and inhibit non-radiative charge recombination, which made the efficiency up to 14%. We also observed that BMIMBF4 passivation can stabilize the CsPbI2Br phase at room temperature. In chapter 4, in order to explore non-toxicity and stable light-absorbing materials, we developed a Cs-incorporated AgBiI4 absorber, and the performance of this kind of rudorffite solar cells was improved due to the reducing trap-state density of AgBiI4 films and the efficient carrier transport. The Cs ion cooperated AgBiI4 exhibited an improvement of 40% in efficiency and better long-term stability than without Cs ion cooperation. In chapter 5, the conclusions and prospects are presented. Perovskite solar cells are facing significant challenges in terms of long-term stability and production costs. It would have great significance to further study the preparation of PSCs in the air environment.九州工業大学博士学位論文 学位記番号：生工博甲第411号 学位授与年月日：令和3年9月24日1. Introduction|2. Efficient Carbon-based CsPbI2BrPerovskite Solar Cell with Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid addition|3. Surface management for Carbon-based CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cell with 14% Conversion Efficiency|4. Cs-incorporated AgBiI4 Rudorffite for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells九州工業大学令和3年