59 research outputs found

    Albian angiosperm pollen from shallow marine strata in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

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    The evolution of angiosperms significantly changed the composition of the terrestrial vegetation during the mid-Cretaceous. In contrast to the wealth of information available on the biology and systematic relationships of early angiosperms, the temporal patterns of their evolution and radiation are poorly constrained. Here we present a continuous angiosperm pollen record from well-dated shallow marine deposits in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal. The São Julião section provides a solid stratigraphic framework to track angiosperm pollen distribution patterns from the early Albian to early Cenomanian at mid-latitudes. In comparison to previous angiosperm pollen records from the Lusitanian basin, the section shows an extended late Albian succession and provides new insights into the diversification of early angiosperms during this important interval. Productive palynological samples were analysed and 79 different angiosperm pollen types have been recorded. Throughout the Albian angiosperm pollen represent only a minor component of the total palynoflora. The early Albian pollen record is characterized by highly diverse assemblages of monoaperturate pollen of monocot or “magnoliid” affinity and by the first appearance of polyporate and tricolpate pollen of eudicot affinity. A distinct diversification phase among tri- and poly-aperturate pollen (e.g., Cretacaeiporites, Retitrescolpites, Rousea, Striatopollis and Tricolpites) and the presence of conspicuous pollen grains assigned to Dichastopollenites characterize the middle and late Albian palynological assemblages. Thus, the section records a striking sequence of appearances of important angiosperm pollen morphologies. Monocolpates, polyporates and tricolpates appear in the early Albian whereas tricolporates appear from the early part of the late Albian onwards. Furthermore, well-constrained biostratigraphic ranges of selected angiosperm pollen from mid-latitudes are presented. In view of these new data, the temporal framework of the palynological Subzones II-B and II-C in the Potomac Group succession from the Atlantic Coastal Plain, eastern USA is revised to a middle to late Albian age

    CLSM in palaeontology

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    Palynological investigations in the lower and middle jurassic of Switzerland, France and Germany : palynofacies and type of organic matter ; dinoflagellate cyst morphology and stratigraphy

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    Lower and Middle Jurassic sediments of five sections in Switzerland, France and Germancy have been studied in respect to three aspects of palynology: palynofacies and organic matter dinoflagellate cyst morphology and systematics, and biostratigraphy. Palynofacies of Rhaetian to Bajocian sediments has been studied in the Mont Terri and Mont Russelin coreholes in N-Switzerland. Palynofacies in combination with organic geochemistry (Rock-Eval pyrolysis) helps to better define the organic content and richness of this sequence and the evolution of the palaeoenvironment. An absolute quantitative analysis has been carried out in the organic-rich sediments of the Lower Toarcian Posidonienschiefer in the Weiach corehole, N-Switzerland. Frequencies of dinoflagellate cysts and prasinophytes have been determined, and are expressed in number per gramme bulk rock. This new approach, expressing palynomorph frequencies in number per gramme bulk rock, in combination with an improved processing technique, reveals the presence of very high amounts of dinoflagellate cysts and prasinophytes in these organic-rich sediments. Detailed morphological analyses of dinoflagellate cysts leaded to the erection of two new genera (Weiachia, Willeidinium) and eight new species (Dissiliodinium baileyi, D. minimum, D. omentum, D. pourtoyi, D. primum, Wallodinium ? burtonensis, Weiachia fenestrata, Willeidinium baiocassinum), the emendation of one genus (Dissiliodinium) and one species ( Wallodinium cylindricum [HABIB 1970) DUXBURY 1983], and one new combination [Andreedinium elongatum (BEJU 1971 )]. Morphological details and systematics of many dinoflagellate cyst species are discussed and the new rnorphological term "fenestrae" is introduced. Four corehole and outcrop sections have been studied palynostratigraphically in detail: Weiach, Hausen, Eichberg and the Bajocian stratotype, spanning the Late Pliensbachian to Early Bathonian. ln this interval, about one hundred dinoflagellate cyst species are differentiated and their stratigraphie ranges are illustrated in range charts. Stratigraphic marker species are emphasized. The encountered dinoflagellate cyst assemblages are compared with those reported in the literature. The Early and Middle Jurassic stratigraphie data out of the publications of BELOW (1987a, 1987b and 1990) are compiled and illustrated in range charts. Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy in the Lower to Upper Jurassic of SW-Germany has been synthesized in a mainly bibliographical compilation including the herein presented original results. A range chart gives an overview of the stratigraphic ranges of 153 species.Introduction : Des sédiments d'âge Jurassique inférieur et moyen, provenant de forages et de coupes localisés en Suisse, Allemagne, France et Angleterre ont été étudiés dans le but de mettre en évidence la contribution de la Palynologie à une meilleure connaissance de cet intervalle en Europe occidentale. Deux directions d'études ont été poursuivies. D'une part, l'évaluation des palynofaciès et de la nature de la matière organique en tant qu'indicateurs du paléoenvironnement, avec une attention particulière pour les "schistes à Posidonies" du Toarcien inférieur, très riches en matière organique. D'autre part, l'étude morphologique, systématique et biostratigraphique des kystes de dinoflagellés, afin d'améliorer leur pouvoir de résolution stratigraphique dans les roches sédimentaires du Jurassique. Cadre géologique Ce mémoire débute par la présentation géographique et lithostratigraphique des différentes coupes étudiées. A un premier groupe, constitué par les 3 forages et 2 coupes formant la charpente de cette recherche, s'en est ajouté un second, rassemblant des échantillons de provenances diverses, représentant souvent du matériel-type de publications antérieures. Le territoire géographique couvert est vaste, s'étendant du Sud-Ouest de l'Allemagne à l'Est de l'Angleterre, en passant par l'Ouest de la Suisse et de la France. Dans le premier groupe, on trouve pour la Suisse, les forages du Mont Terri et du Mont Russelin (Rhétien-Bajocien) et de Weiach (Plienbachien supérieur-Toarcien supérieur). En Allemagne, la coupe d'Eichberg (Aalenian-Bajocien inférieur) et les forages d'Hausen (Aalénien-Bajocien inférieur), localisés à une quarantaine de kilomètres de la localité-type de l'Aalénien, ont été investigués. Enfin, en France, une attention toute particulière a été portée au stratotype du Bajocien qui a été très minutieusement échantillonné. Le second groupe est représenté par la Suisse avec la coupe de la Veveyse (Hauterivien supérieur), le Sud-Ouest de l'Allemagne avec les coupes d'Eichberg (Bajocien supérieur) et de Gruibingen (Bathonien inférieur et Callovien inférieur) et l'Angleterre, avec les deux coupes de Hock Norton (Bathonien inférieur) et Burton Bradstock (Toarcien supérieur à Bajocien supérieur). [...]</p
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