Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte

Water-in-salt electrolytes based on highly concentrated bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide (TFSI) promise aqueous electrolytes with stabilities approaching 3 V. However, especially with an electrode approaching the cathodic (reductive) stability, cycling stability is insufficient. While stability critically relies on a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the mechanism behind the cathodic stability limit remains unclear. Here, we reveal two distinct reduction potentials for the chemical environments of ‘free’ and ‘bound’ water and that both contribute to SEI formation. Free-water is reduced ~1V above bound water in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and responsible for SEI formation via reactive intermediates of the HER; concurrent LiTFSI precipitation/dissolution establishes a dynamic interface. The free-water population emerges, therefore, as the handle to extend the cathodic limit of aqueous electrolytes and the battery cycling stability

Nose-only inhalations of high-dose alumina nanoparticles/hydrogen chloride gas mixtures induce strong pulmonary pro-inflammatory response: a pilot study

Objective Solid composite propellants combustion, in aerospace and defense fields, can lead to complex aerosols emission containing high concentrations of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) and hydrogen chloride gas (HClg). Exposure to these mixtures by inhalation is thus possible but literature data toward their pulmonary toxicity are missing. To specify hazards resulting from these combustion aerosols, a pilot study was implemented. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats were nose-only exposed to Al2O3 NPs (primary size 13 nm, 10 g/L suspension leading to 20.0–22.1 mg/m3 aerosol) and/or to HClg aerosols (5 ppm target concentration) following two exposure scenarios (single exposures (SE) or repeated exposures (RE)). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) content and lungs histopathology were analyzed 24 h after exposures. Results Repeated co-exposures increased total proteins and LDH concentrations in BALF indicating alveolar–capillary barrier permeabilization and cytolysis. Early pulmonary inflammation was induced after RE to Al2O3 NPs ± HClg resulting in PMN, TNF-α, IL-1β, and GRO/KC increases in BALF. Both exposure scenarios resulted in pulmonary histopathological lesions (vascular congestions, bronchial pre-exfoliations, vascular and interalveolar septum edemas). Lung oxidative damages were observed in situ following SE. Conclusion Observed biological effects are dependent on both aerosol content and exposure scenario. Results showed an important pro-inflammatory effect of Al2O3 NPs/HClg mixtures on the lungs of rat 24 h after exposure. This pilot study raises concerns toward potential long-term pulmonary toxicity of combustion aerosols and highlights the importance for further studies to be led in order to define dose limitations and exposure thresholds for risk management at the work place

Le ligand ClO_4: capacites et limites au travers de quelques exemples dans les familles des elements de transition, du bloc P et des terres rares

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 82539 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Detection de collisions en contexte automobile

voir basilic : http://emotion.inrialpes.fr/bibemotion/2004/Fav04/ type: Mmoire de Maitrise institution: Université Joseph Fourier address: Grenoble (FR

Detection de collisions en contexte automobile

voir basilic : http://emotion.inrialpes.fr/bibemotion/2004/Fav04/ type: Mmoire de Maitrise institution: Université Joseph Fourier address: Grenoble (FR

AVORTEMENT ET MORTALITE NEONATALE EN ELEVAGE CANIN (APPROCHE DIAGNOSTIQUE DU VETERINAIRE PRATICIEN)

MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ba3NbAs3O : Synthesis, Crystal structure, Raman Spectroscopy and Bonding Analysis.

International audienc

Predicting the drag coefficient of a granular flow using the discrete element method

International audienc

Predicting the drag coefficient of a granular flow using the discrete element method

International audienc