ESTABLISHMENT OF CALLUS AND SUSPENSION CULTURE IN SESAMUM INDICUM L

Objective: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. We intended to evaluate the effects of different explants, carbon sources and growth regulators on callus induction and cell suspension culture of two Iranian sesame cultivars (Yekta and Karaj1).Methods: The explants (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 8 g/l agar, different concentrations and combinations of NAA, 2, 4-D, BAP and Kin hormones. To produce cell suspension culture, callus was excised and transferred to liquid MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of carbon source (glucose and sucrose) and growth regulators of auxins and cytokinins. The cultures were maintained under both dark and light conditions at different rotation speeds of the gyratory shaker.Results: Callus produced from hypocotyl explants grew faster during 7 to 30 days of culture and after that stabilized at a lower growth rate. Maximum growth rate of suspension culture was achieved from friable green callus in MS liquid medium supplemented with 3 mg/l NAA and 0.6 mg/l BAP using hypocotyl callus.Conclusion: The optimized cell suspension culture can be used to elicit the production of secondary metabolites, scale-up mass production in bioreactors and gene transformation.Â

Synthesis of WS2 nanometer monolayer by the chemical vapor deposition method

Monolayer WS2 offers great promise for use in optical devices due to its direct bandgap and high photoluminescence intensity. In this way, large-area and high-quality materials are essential for the implementation of technological applications. In this research, we Synthesize the WS2 monolayer under controlled temperature conditions and characterize the films using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that with the introduction of argon gas as a carrier, the quality of the layer improves, and the growth level of WS2 increases, and as a result, the films show an average coating thickness of 43 nm. By controlling the growth temperature and timely entry of argon-carrying gas, the WO3 precursor is more effectively reduced and the oxidative etching of the synthesized monolayers is protected. The addition of hydrogen more effectively reduces the WO3 precursor and protects against oxidative etching of the synthesized monolayers. The obtained results indicate the complete synthesis of a two-dimensional structure (2D) of a single layer with sheets consisting of a crystal size of about 26 nm with a thickness of about 43 nm

Family caregivers' perspectives on barriers to caring for patients with schizophrenia: A descriptive qualitative study

Background & Aim: Schizophrenia significantly burdens family members when a member of their family is afflicted with this condition. Family caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care and support to individuals experiencing schizophrenia within the community. Therefore, an in-depth study of family caregivers' experiences is crucial for developing effective care quality improvement programs. This study aimed at exploring family caregivers' experiences of the barriers to caregiving to patients with schizophrenia. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted in 2021–2022 through in-depth semi-structured. The duration of the interviews varied in length from 45 to 90 minutes. Interviews were conducted with sixteen family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The conventional content analysis proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was used for data analysis. Results: The findings can be classified into three primary categories. The category "Inefficiency of Support Resources" encompasses the subcategories of "Inadequate Support by Family Members," "Inadequate Support by the Healthcare System," and "Financial Predicament." The category "Limited Public Knowledge about Psychiatric Disorders" includes the subcategories of "Social Stigmatization" and "Being Social Rejection." Lastly, the category "destructive nature of schizophrenia" encompasses the subcategories of "Gradual Loss of Abilities" and "Gradual Patient Passivity." Conclusion: Family caregivers encounter various barriers in providing patient care. Thus, they require support from the treatment team and family members, as well as financial and the development of rehabilitation programs. Additionally, involving caregivers in the patient's treatment plan and planning programs to reduce the stigma associated with caregivers is crucial

Modeling repeated ordinal responses using a family of power transformations: application to neonatal hypothermia data

BACKGROUND: For analyzing a repeated ordinal response, it is common to use a multivariate cumulative logit model. This model may fit poorly, especially when a nonsymmetric response is available. In these cases, alternative strategies should be utilized. METHODS: In this paper, we present a family of power transformations for the cumulative probabilities to model asymmetric departures from the random-intercept cumulative logit model. To illustrate this method, we analyze the data from an epidemiologic study to identify risk factors of hypothermia among newly born infants in some referral university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: For hypothermia data, using this family of transformations and comparing the goodness-of-fit statistics showed that a model with the cumulative complementary log-log link gives us a better fit compared to a model with the cumulative logit link. CONCLUSION: In some areas, using the ordinary cumulative logit link function does not lead to the best fit. So, other link functions should be evaluated to discover the best transformation for the cumulative probabilities

Outcome of newborns conceived through artificial reproductive techniques in Tehran Iran

Background: Today there is a rise in the number of newborns conceived by artificial reproductive techniques (ART). Numerous studies have been performed on the perinatal outcome of these pregnancies. However, there is limited data about the condition of health of these newborns in Iran. Objective: Regarding the higher prevalence of probable complications and symptomatic congenital anomalies, we aimed to determine the state of health of newborns born by ART. Materials and methods: A total of 109 newborn who were conceived through ART and 479 newborns of spontaneous conception were enrolled into our study. The study was prospective, case-control study in Tehran, Iran, from March 2003 to March 2004. Both case and control groups were adjusted in regard to race, sex, type of delivery, chronic disease of mother, age of mother, and antenatal steroids administration. All newborns were examined by neonatologist after birth and their outcome were followed until hospital discharge or death. Data pertaining to clinical and laboratory findings of newborns and death were entered into a questionnaire and subsequently analyzed by appropriate statistical tests. Confidence interval was 95%. Results : Prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), twins and triplets, small for gestational age (SGA), need for resuscitation at birth, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and NICU admission were significantly higher among newborns born after ART than those born through spontaneous conception (p<0.05). Regression logistic analysis showed that RDS and NICU admission were more strongly associated with weight at birth and gestational age than with method of conception. However, increased rate of SGA in the case group was associated with multiple pregnancy. Also, there was no significant statistical relationship between the method of conception and the prevalence of congenital anomalies, large for gestational age (LGA), congenital pneumonia, necrotizing entrocolitis (NEC), respiratory air leakage syndromes (ALS), hydrops fetalis, hyperbilirubinemia sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), isseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), cardiac failure, lung hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and hemolysis. Conclusion: Newborns who were conceived by ART were more likely in need of resuscitation at birth regardless of other factors. Furthermore, newborns born after ART were at higher risk of developing prematur birth, LBW, and multiple birth

A review of the effects of lifestyle and nutrition on infertility in couples

Infertility is one of the most important life crises that leads to numerous psychological problems and stressful experiences. Investigating the factors affecting infertility is of high significance to help these people in the midwifery profession. One of these important factors is lifestyle. The purpose of present study is to review the studies conducted on the effects of lifestyle on infertility in couples. This systematic review was conducted by searching the keywords including infertility, lifestyle, nutrition and couples in valid databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, PubMed and Scopus from 2010 to 2021; a total of 198 articles were found. As many as 22 articles were extracted from these articles. Inclusion criteria included originality, the article’s being either in English or Persian, and consistency with the purpose of the study. Exclusion criteria included the lack of access to the full text of the article. Among the reviewed articles, 6 articles (27.27%) had been published in Persian and 16 articles (72.73%) had been published in English. In 16 studies, the effect of lifestyle and its dimensions (exercise and physical activity, diet, tobacco and alcohol use) on infertility of couples had been confirmed

RETRACTED: Nurses’ experiences of humour in clinical settings

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors. The article has previously been published in Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015 (17 February). Vol. 29:182. We apologise to any inconvenience caused to our readers

The Impact of Carbon Source, Explants and Growth Regulators on Callogenesis and Organogenesis of <i>Artemisia annua</i>

<p>Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from <em>Artemisia annua</em> L. plant is known for its antimalarial activity. The low content of artemisinin has stimulated researchers to enhance its production through biotechnological approaches such as tissue culture. The present study was initiated to study the effect of some important factors alone and in combination, on the callogenesis and organogenesis of <em>Artemisia annua</em>. The type of carbon source had a significant effect on NAA efficiency to callogenesis of <em>A. annua</em>, whereas the best callogenesis of <em>A. absinthium</em> was observed at 2 mg/L BAP + 30 g/L sucrose and in the absence of NAA, with root explants. Presence of BAP also had an important effect on callogenesis, especially in high concentrations. A suitable suspension culture was obtained in the MS basal medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and BAP, with 30 g/L glucose. Artemisinin was naturally production was at least 0.03 mg/g (w.dt) at the first day and peaked on the 16^th day with 0.31 mg/g (w.dt) in the cell culture of <em>A. annua.</em> The maximum number of shoots (2.167 ± 1.484) was induced at 0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA + glucose (30 g/L) with leaf explants. However, treatments containing glucose did not show a good shoot induction. Longer shoots were induced in the medium containing either 0.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l BAP + sucrose with leaf explants (1.493 cm ± 0.342) or 0.5 mg/l NAA + sucrose with stem explants (0.697 cm ± 0.930). Medium containing 0.5 or 2 mg/l NAA and sucrose (without BAP) induced more roots though.</p